A historical outline of Greek ophthalmology from the Hellenistic period up to the establishment of the first universities

Lascaratos, John; Marketos, Spiros

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-1307-3_17

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Visual filed mapping has undergone revolutionary changes over the past 2000 years, particularly with regard to instrumentation, standardization, quantitative assessment, statistical evaluation, optimization of accuracy, precision and efficiency of testing, and distribution of results (Lascaratos and Marketos, 1988;Walsh, 2010). However, the primary method for performing perimetry tests has remained relatively the same for more than 200 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Contrast Sensitivity of the Visual Field With Bayesian Adaptive qVFM

Lesmes

et al. 2020

Front. Neurosci.

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Current clinical evaluation, which focuses on central vision, could be improved through characterization of residual vision with peripheral testing of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision, crowding, and reading speed. Assessing visual functions in addition to light sensitivity, a comprehensive visual field map (VFM) would be valuable for detecting and managing eye diseases. In a previous study, we developed a Bayesian adaptive qVFM method that combines a global module for preliminary assessment of the VFM's shape and a local module for assessment at individual retinal locations. The method was validated in measuring the light sensitivity VFM. In this study, we extended the qVFM method to measure contrast sensitivity across the visual field. In both simulations and psychophysics, we sampled 64 visual field locations (48 x 48 deg) and compared the qVFM method with a procedure that tested each retinal location independently (qFC; Lesmes et al., 2015 ). In each trial, subjects were required to identify a single optotype (size: 2.5 x 2.5 deg), one of 10 filtered Sloan letters. To compare the accuracy and precision of the two methods, three simulated eyes were tested in 1,280 trials with each method. In addition, data were collected from 10 eyes (5 OS, 5 OD) of five normal observers. For simulations, the average RMSE of the estimated contrast sensitivity with the qVFM and qFC methods were 0.057 and 0.100 after 320 trials, and 0.037 and 0.041 after 1,280 trials [all in log10 units, represent as log(sensitivity) ], respectively. The average SD of the qVFM and qFC estimates were 0.054 and 0.096 after 320 trials, and 0.032 and 0.041 after 1,280 trials, respectively. The within-run variability (68.2% HWCIs) were comparable to the cross-run variability (SD). In the psychophysics experiment, the average HWCI of the estimated contrast sensitivity from the qVFM and qFC methods across the visual field decreased from 0.33 on the first trial to 0.072 and 0.16 after 160, and to 0.060 and 0.10 after 320 trials. The RMSE between the qVFM and qFC estimates started at 0.26, decreased to 0.12 after 160 and to 0.11 after 320 qVFM trials. The qVFM provides an accurate, precise, and efficient mapping of contrast sensitivity across the entire visual field. The method might find potential clinical applications in monitoring vision loss, evaluating therapeutic interventions, and developing effective rehabilitation for visual diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the Contrast Sensitivity of the Visual Field With Bayesian Adaptive qVFM

Lesmes

et al. 2020

Front. Neurosci.

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“…In the Galen's (1968) concept of vision, special attention must be paid to the separation of the fluids as a common explanation for the anatomical and physiological facts. Even in the anatomical verbalizations of the lens, he used the category of 'liquid crystal' (Lascaratos & Marketos 1988). In Ancient times, the line of development of the future micro-tissue style marked its beginning.…”

Section: The Eye In the Humoral Thought-stylementioning

confidence: 99%

The history of scientific concepts of vision in relation to Ludwik Fleck’s thought-styles

Grzybowski

Sak

Pawlikowski

2012

Acta Ophthalmologica

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ABSTRACT.The aim of the article is to assess the usefulness of Ludwik Fleck's theory of thought-styles for the history of ophthalmology. On the basis of Fleck's ideas, the authors attempt to analyse the development of concepts of vision. They enumerate three styles in the history of ophthalmology: humoral, iatromechanical and micro-tissue. In conclusion, they state that the history of evolution of the concept of vision should be considered not only from the perspective of achievements of individual scientists but also with the addition of the social 'mood' that prevailed in a given historical period.

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“…1 The history of glaucoma is rich and celebrated; 2 descriptions of the condition can be found dating back to the writings of Hippocrates. [3][4][5] In fact, the term glaucoma came from the early Greek glaukos, meaning shin-ing or gleaming, and it evolved to describe a sea-green color in affected eyes. [5][6][7] Thorough histories such as that written by Gordon have given credit to many individuals who contributed to the understanding of glaucoma over centuries; these individuals include Bourdelot, the blind physician of King Louis XIV whose donated eyes postmortem led to the conclusion that glaucoma was not due to abnormalities of the lens, and von Graefe, the proponent of iridectomy in the 1850s.…”

Section: Arch Ophthalmol 2012;130(4):510-513mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7] Thorough histories such as that written by Gordon have given credit to many individuals who contributed to the understanding of glaucoma over centuries; these individuals include Bourdelot, the blind physician of King Louis XIV whose donated eyes postmortem led to the conclusion that glaucoma was not due to abnormalities of the lens, and von Graefe, the proponent of iridectomy in the 1850s. 4,8,9 Despite these vivid clinical descriptions, the pathophysiology of glaucoma remained elusive during much of ophthalmological history 7 ; the condition was nearly indistinguishable from cataract and inflammatory conditions of the eye prior to the 17th century. 5,6 The invention of the ophthalmoscope and improvements in measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in the mid 19th century provided tools for better understanding of the disease's key features distinct from other ophthalmologic conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight Into Glaucoma Treatment in the Early 1900s

et al. 2012

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A historical outline of Greek ophthalmology from the Hellenistic period up to the establishment of the first universities

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Mapping the Contrast Sensitivity of the Visual Field With Bayesian Adaptive qVFM

Mapping the Contrast Sensitivity of the Visual Field With Bayesian Adaptive qVFM

The history of scientific concepts of vision in relation to Ludwik Fleck’s thought-styles

Insight Into Glaucoma Treatment in the Early 1900s

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