2009
DOI: 10.1002/dev.20365
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A history of iron deficiency anemia during infancy alters brain monoamine activity later in juvenile monkeys

Abstract: Both during and after a period of iron deficiency (ID), iron-dependent neural processes are affected, which raises the potential concern that the anemia commonly experienced by many growing infants could have a protracted effect on the developing brain. To further investigate the effects of ID on the immature brain, 49 infant rhesus monkeys were evaluated across the first year of life. The mothers, and subsequently the infants after weaning, were maintained on a standardized diet containing 180 mg/kg of iron a… Show more

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Cited by 38 publications
(34 citation statements)
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“…Recent work has demonstrated that early ID can produce long-term alterations in dopamine and norepinephrine levels (33). Numerous other animal studies show that perinatal ID disrupts brain levels of dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase, the norepinephrine transporter, dopamine receptors, and the dopamine transporter (15,(34)(35).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Recent work has demonstrated that early ID can produce long-term alterations in dopamine and norepinephrine levels (33). Numerous other animal studies show that perinatal ID disrupts brain levels of dopamine, tyrosine hydroxylase, the norepinephrine transporter, dopamine receptors, and the dopamine transporter (15,(34)(35).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Other nutrients which are altered in patients with major depression and that can influence neurotransmitter production include tryptophan (and other large neutral amino acids: valine, leucine, isoleucine, phenylalanine and tyrosine) (Maes et al, 2011c, Markus, 2008, Toker et al, 2010, folic acid (Miller, 2008, Stahl, 2008, zinc , Szewczyk et al, 2011, vitamin B12 (Bottiglieri, 1996, Deana et al, 1977), vitamin B6 (Calderon-Guzman et al, 2004, Demisch and Kaczmarczyk, 1991, Hartvig et al, 1995 and iron (Baumgartner et al, 2012, Burhans et al, 2005, Coe et al, 2009). Omega-3 EFAs are also able to modify monoaminergic neurotransmission (Chalon, 2006, Su, 2009).…”
Section: Diet and Its Effect On Neurotransmittersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In animal models of nutritional deficiencies, a similar pattern of cognitive, motor, and behavioral changes is observed , along with alterations in dopaminergic function and lower dopamine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid compared to controls [13]. Iron deficiency also affects other neurotransmitters and other neuronal processes, including metabolism in hippocampus and striatum, myelination, dendritogenesis, and both gene and protein profiles [14–16].…”
Section: Essential Nutrients and Risk Of Deficienciesmentioning
confidence: 99%