A Holistic Blockchain Based IC Traceability Technique

Rekha, S S; Suraj, K; Kumar, K Sudeendra

doi:10.1109/ises52644.2021.00078

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…By supply chain requirements, the most appropriate outcomes that should be necessitated are traceability of the product, availability of data, confidentiality of data, transparency of flow, immutability of ledger, counterfeit product detection and prevention and guarantees against other cyberattacks. [52], [65], [73], [74] that have included blockchain technology, but still cannot guarantee all its properties. Some papers [57], [70], [79], [80] add-on to existing technology and provide anti-counterfeit measures by discussing several cases of fraud and how their work prevents it.…”

Section: Security Analysis Of Proposed Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even integrity, availability, non-repudiation, confidentiality and smart contract vulnerabilities are accounted for. Omar et al [70] conducted a vulnerability analysis in which the smart contract codes are analysed using security tools: Smart Rekha et al [73] were able to trace authentic products with lineage i.e tracking of order history and transfers from manufacturing till the product reaches the consumer with multiple manufacturer entry points. Similarly, Pandey et al [78] combine lineage of product transfer along the supply chain entities with anti-counterfeit strategies from the product's birth.…”

Section: Security Analysis Of Proposed Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Comparing IPFS and blockchain hashed responses determines chip authenticity. Rekha et al [73] make use of private key pairs and decrypt encrypted text within the IC, allowing end users to validate the IC's legitimacy. If matched, the IC is genuine; otherwise, it's identified as potentially forged, with traceability via the blockchain database.…”

Section: F Authenticity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 15 consists of all the papers that have explained their data security methods and the various encryption mechanisms used to employ the same. To maintain a stricter lineage, Rekha et al [73] make sure to record data on the chain at every stage of manufacture, and also to record the transfer of ownership in encrypted format.…”

Section: J Data Security and Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Blockchain in the Electronics Industry for Supply Chain Management: A Survey

Jadon,

Rao,

Jagadish

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Supply chain as an industry has gone through four-fold changes in the last century. Born as a bare-bones structure in 1.0 it grew to incorporate some form of record preservation in 2.0 and then integrated communication between two entities in 3.0. Supply chain 4.0, the current one, has total global integration of multiple entities with the records digitised. But increasing entities and pipelines, means increasing complexities, overhead and soft spots. In this paper, a systematic literature review is done with the objective of analysing existing Supply Chain 4.0. The focus of the paper is the usage of blockchain technology in the electronic industry to provide a decentralised architecture. Several papers were compared on the basis of different schemas like the type of blockchain network used, platform deployed on, security of frameworks, representation of unique identity, testing authenticity, working implementation, cost of implementation, etc. The pros and cons of various privacy and security methodologies are also explored and discussed. The paper also discusses the open issues and challenges in the same area of interest. Finally, the paper outlines the future scope to be delved into as a part of the future research.INDEX TERMS Supply chain, blockchain, security, smart contracts, electronic chips. I. INTRODUCTIONA Supply chain is a complex network of organisations and activities that transforms raw materials into a final product. It includes every step of the journey, like suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and customers.Consider a simple example of the manufacturing of a smartphone. The supply chain begins with the extraction of raw materials and ends with a purchase by the consumer. Raw materials like metals and minerals are extracted for components like batteries, screens, and casings. Different components of the phone are manufactured in specialised factories. The components are brought together in an assembly plant to create complete smartphones. The smartphones are then transported to various regions through warehouses and logistics. They are sold in retail stores or online platforms. Consumers purchase and use these smartphones for communication and other functions.It can be seen that goods are traversed through multiple stages, people, and organisations on their way to the final consumer. As supply chains get more global and complex,

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Section: Security Analysis Of Proposed Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Security Analysis Of Proposed Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F Authenticity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: J Data Security and Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Blockchain in the Electronics Industry for Supply Chain Management: A Survey

Jadon,

Rao,

Jagadish

et al. 2024

IEEE Access

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Heterogeneous Integration Supply Chain Integrity Through Blockchain and CHSM

Calzada,

Sami,

Azar

et al. 2023

ACM Trans. Des. Autom. Electron. Syst.

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Over the past few decades, electronics have become commonplace in government, commercial, and social domains. These devices have developed rapidly, as seen in the prevalent use of System on Chips (SoCs) rather than separate integrated circuits on a single circuit board. As the semiconductor community begins conversations over the end of Moore’s Law, an approach to further increase both functionality per area and yield using segregated functionality dies on a common interposer die, labeled a System in Package (SiP), is gaining attention. Thus, the chiplet and SiP space has grown to meet this demand, creating a new packaging paradigm, Advanced Packaging, and a new supply chain. This new distributed supply chain with multiple chiplet developers and foundries has augmented counterfeit vulnerabilities. Chiplets are currently available on an open market, and their origin and authenticity consequently are difficult to ascertain. With this lack of control over the stages of the supply chain, counterfeit threats manifest at the chiplet, interposer, and SiP levels. In this paper, we identify counterfeit threats in the SiP domain, and we propose a mitigating framework utilizing blockchain for the effective traceability of SiPs to establish provenance. Our framework utilizes the Chiplet Hardware Security Module (CHSM) to authenticate a SiP throughout its life. To accomplish this, we leverage SiP information including Electronic Chip IDs (ECIDs) of chiplets, Combating Die and IC Recycling (CDIR) sensor information, documentation, test patterns and/or electrical measurements, grade, and part number of the SiP. We detail the structure of the blockchain and establish protocols for both enrolling trusted information into the blockchain network and authenticating the SiP. Our framework mitigates SiP counterfeit threats including recycled, remarked, cloned, overproduced interposer, forged documentation, and substituted chiplet while detecting of out-of-spec and defective SiPs.

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A Holistic Blockchain Based IC Traceability Technique

Cited by 2 publications

References 20 publications

Blockchain in the Electronics Industry for Supply Chain Management: A Survey

Blockchain in the Electronics Industry for Supply Chain Management: A Survey

Heterogeneous Integration Supply Chain Integrity Through Blockchain and CHSM

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