A Hollow Cathode Source Applicable to Spectrographic Analysis for the Halogens and Gases*

Laser resonance ionization in a glow discharge

“…The glow discharge has long been known as a method of producing atoms and ions by means of sputtering and plasma processes. Over the years, applications of the glow discharge have included atomization (13), excitation (14), and ionization (15). The fundamental processes of the glow discharge have been described in considerable detail (16).…”

GFAAS Determination of Chloride in Uranium Using AgCl Precipitation

“…The chloride content of fuel has stringent specifications of 15 and 20 ppm for pressurized heavy water reactor (PHWR) and fast breeder reactor (FBR) fuels, respectively (6). The principal emission lines of chloride and other non-metals lie in the vacuum ultraviolet (UV) region, necessitating special precautions to minimize intensity losses due to absorption in the air for their determination by conventional atomic emission spectroscopic methods (7). Atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS) methods reported for chloride determination are indirect due to the unavailability of chloride hollow cathode lamps (7).…”

“…The principal emission lines of chloride and other non-metals lie in the vacuum ultraviolet (UV) region, necessitating special precautions to minimize intensity losses due to absorption in the air for their determination by conventional atomic emission spectroscopic methods (7). Atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS) methods reported for chloride determination are indirect due to the unavailability of chloride hollow cathode lamps (7). Some of these methods include measurement of copper concentration in samples by flame AAS, which was reported to be proportional to the ABSTRACT This paper describes a graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometric (GFAAS) method for the direct determination of chloride in uranium.…”

Model of microsecond pulsed glow discharge in hollow cathode for mass spectrometry

“…Glow discharge (GD) has been used for elemental analysis for more than 60 years [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Hollow cathodes (HC) are widely used for elemental analysis based on GD.…”