A Holographic Metasurface Based on Orthogonally Discrete Unit-Cell for Flexible Beam Formation and Polarization Control

Han, Jiaqi; Li, Long; Ma, Xiangjin; Feng, Qiang; Zhao, Yu; Liao, Guisheng

doi:10.1109/lawp.2021.3099574

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The polarization control is achieved by dividing the HMIMOS aperture into different regions and changing the phase of surface impedance modulation of one region relative to others, capable of realizing arbitrary linear polarization and circular polarization. Alternatively, the study [158] proposed to design an orthogonally discrete unit-cell with four working states for realizing linearly and circularly polarized waves via matching surface impedance along two orthogonal directions. It should be emphasized that the polarization mentioned above becomes fixed once the HMIMOS are fabricated.…”

Section: F Hmimos Typical Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, the authors of [114], [115], [125] designed single-beam radiated HMIMOS following from the macroscopic surface impedance based approach, allowing a more accurate manipulation on EM waves. The pioneer studies inspire a multitude of research activities on single-beam radiated HMIMOS [120], [137], [158], [162], and were later promoted one step forward with reconfigurable capabilities via utilizing DC controlled graphene conductivity [111], [117] for realizing a global surface impedance control. The global surface impedance control then evolved to a local surface impedance control via using mixed-signal integrated circuits, as conceptually shown in [163].…”

Section: F Hmimos Typical Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beyond realizations of single-beam radiation, the steering capability for supporting multibeam radiations attracts great interests for the great application potential in supporting future communication systems. Several multibeam HMIMOS with fixed beam radiations were respectively presented based on the geometric polarizable particle based approach [118], as well as by designing specific impedance patterns for being a transmit array [110], [138], [158] and a reflect array [164], [165]. Furthermore, extending the static configuration of multibeam radiations, references [112], [166] achieved a dynamically switchable multibeam radiations, implemented by switching different feed ports.…”

Section: F Hmimos Typical Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Holographic MIMO Communications: Theoretical Foundations, Enabling Technologies, and Future Directions

Gong¹,

Vinieratou²,

Ji³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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<p>Future wireless systems are envisioned to create an endogenously holography-capable, intelligent, and programmable radio propagation environment, that will offer unprecedented capabilities for high spectral and energy efficiency, low latency, and massive connectivity. A potential and promising technology for supporting the expected extreme requirements of the sixth-generation (6G) communication systems is the concept of the holographic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) surface (HMIMOS), which will actualize holographic radios with reasonable power consumption and fabrication cost. An HMIMOS is an ultra-thin and nearly continuous aperture that incorporates reconfigurable and sub-wavelength-spaced antennas and/or metamaterials. Such surfaces comprising dense electromagnetic (EM) excited elements are capable of recording and manipulating impinging fields with utmost flexibility and precision, as well as with reduced cost and power consumption, thereby shaping arbitrary-intended EM waves with high energy efficiency. The powerful EM processing capability of HMIMOS opens up the possibility of wireless communications of holographic imaging level, paving the way for signal processing techniques realized in the EM domain, possibly in conjunction with their digital-domain counterparts. However, in spite of the significant potential, the studies on HMIMOS-based wireless systems are still at an initial stage, its fundamental limits remain to be unveiled, and critical technical challenges with holographic MIMO communications need to be addressed. In this survey, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the holographic MIMO communications paradigm, with a special focus on their physical aspects, their theoretical foundations, as well as the enabling technologies for HMIMOS systems. We also compare HMIMOS systems with conventional multi-antenna technologies, especially massive MIMO systems, present various promising synergies of HMIMOS with current and future candidate technologies, and provide an extensive list of research challenges and open directions for future HMIMOS-empowered wireless applications.</p>

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Section: F Hmimos Typical Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F Hmimos Typical Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F Hmimos Typical Functionalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Holographic MIMO Communications: Theoretical Foundations, Enabling Technologies, and Future Directions

Gong¹,

Vinieratou²,

Ji³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The polarization control is achieved by dividing the HMIMO surface into different regions and changing the phase of surface impedance modulation of one region relative to others, capable of realizing arbitrary linear and circular polarization. Alternatively, an orthogonally discrete unit-cell with four working states was proposed in [174], for realizing linearly and circularly polarized waves via matching surface impedance along two orthogonal directions. It should be emphasized that the polarization mentioned above becomes fixed once the HMIMO surfaces are fabricated.…”

Section: F Typical Functionalities Of Hmimo Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Later, the authors of [46], [49], [142] designed single-beam radiated HMIMO surfaces following from the macroscopic surface impedance based approach, allowing a more accurate manipulation on EM waves. Recent pioneer studies inspired a multitude of research activities on single-beam radiated HMIMO surfaces [138], [154], [174], [178], and were later promoted one step forward with reconfigurable capabilities via utilizing DC controlled graphene conductivity [131], [135] for realizing a global surface impedance control. The global surface impedance control then evolved to a local surface impedance control via using mixed-signal integrated circuits, as conceptually shown in [179].…”

Section: F Typical Functionalities Of Hmimo Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Holographic MIMO Communications: Theoretical Foundations, Enabling Technologies, and Future Directions

Gong¹,

Gavriilidis²,

Ji³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

<p>Future wireless systems are envisioned to create an endogenously holography-capable, intelligent, and programmable radio propagation environment, that will offer unprecedented capabilities for high spectral and energy efficiency, low latency, and massive connectivity. A potential and promising technology for supporting the expected extreme requirements of the sixth-generation (6G) communication systems is the concept of the holographic multiple-input multiple-output (HMIMO), which will actualize holographic radios with reasonable power consumption and fabrication cost. The HMIMO is facilitated by ultra-thin, extremely large, and nearly continuous surfaces that incorporate reconfigurable and sub-wavelength-spaced antennas and/or metamaterials. Such surfaces comprising dense electromagnetic (EM) excited elements are capable of recording and manipulating impinging fields with utmost flexibility and precision, as well as with reduced cost and power consumption, thereby shaping arbitrary-intended EM waves with high energy efficiency. The powerful EM processing capability of HMIMO opens up the possibility of wireless communications of holographic imaging level, paving the way for signal processing techniques realized in the EM-domain, possibly in conjunction with their digital-domain counterparts. However, in spite of the significant potential, the studies on HMIMO communications are still at an initial stage, its fundamental limits remain to be unveiled, and a certain number of critical technical challenges need to be addressed. In this survey, we present a comprehensive overview of the latest advances in the HMIMO communications paradigm, with a special focus on their physical aspects, their theoretical foundations, as well as the enabling technologies for HMIMO systems. We also compare the HMIMO with existing multi-antenna technologies, especially the massive MIMO, present various promising synergies of HMIMO with current and future candidate technologies, and provide an extensive list of research challenges and open directions for future HMIMO-empowered wireless applications.</p>

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Multidimensional Manipulation of Circular Polarization Airy Beam in Microwave Band‐Based on an Anisotropic Holographic Impedance Metasurface

Zhang,

He,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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Non‐diffraction Airy beams with self‐accelerating properties have many potential applications in the microwave band, such as providing a viable solution to bypass obstacles for microwave‐based wireless power transfer (WPT) and communication. However, most of the recent work on Airy beams exhibits singular functionality and operates solely in linear polarization, with complex generation setups, which will constrain the applications of the beam in the microwave band. In this paper, based on the anisotropic holographic impedance metasurface (AHIM) with low complexity, a new method is proposed to manipulate Airy beams in multiple dimensions, including circularly polarization state, number of beams, direction of acceleration, and launch position of beam. The underlying principle is the combination of plane coordinate transformation, anisotropy of AHIM, and impedance superposition theory. Further, to validate the proposed method, an AHIM prototype for simultaneously generating two Airy beams with orthogonal circular polarization, different directions of acceleration, and different spatial distribution is designed, simulated, and measured. The proposed method based on AHIM for manipulating the Airy beams multidimensionally in the microwave band offers an efficient strategy to control the energy coverage and polarization state of the beam in different WPT scenarios.

show abstract

A Holographic Metasurface Based on Orthogonally Discrete Unit-Cell for Flexible Beam Formation and Polarization Control

Cited by 24 publications

References 20 publications

Holographic MIMO Communications: Theoretical Foundations, Enabling Technologies, and Future Directions

Holographic MIMO Communications: Theoretical Foundations, Enabling Technologies, and Future Directions

Holographic MIMO Communications: Theoretical Foundations, Enabling Technologies, and Future Directions

Multidimensional Manipulation of Circular Polarization Airy Beam in Microwave Band‐Based on an Anisotropic Holographic Impedance Metasurface

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