“…Moreover, most severely impaired patients with an New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III/IV have limited physical activity and less adherence to conventional exercise training programs (Smart et al, 2013); for these reasons, home-based IMT programs supervised by nurses and other healthcare professionals have been recommended as a safe, flexible, and adjuvant treatment of pharmacologic interventions in HF patients (Pihl, Cider, Strömberg, Fridlund, & Mårtensson, 2011;Smart et al, 2013). Despite its underuse in clinical practice (Montemezzo et al, 2014), IMT therapy may be an alternative treatment modality for patients who cannot engage in center-based exercise training programs (Padula, Yeaw, & Mistry, 2009;Zwisler et al, 2016).…”