A homogenous or heterogeneous audience? Audio description preferences of persons with congenital blindness, non-congenital blindness and low vision

Chmiel, Agnieszka; Mazur, Iwona

doi:10.1080/0907676x.2021.1913198

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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Section: Video Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While most prior research on video accessibility has focused on creating universally satisfactory descriptions, some have investigated the diversity of BLV users' preferences and information needs for the same video [19,20,59,126]. For example, Chmiel and Mazur [20] examined AD preference differences between people with different vision levels and experiences with vision loss onset. They concluded that "middle-of-the-road" solutions could support the AD information needs of most users, but recommended future research to study how different levels of detail for AD could best suit individual preferences.…”

Section: Video Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, individual interests in spatialization and multisensory interactions can vary depending on users' abilities (e.g., spatialized audio may not be accessible for d/Deaf and hard of hearing users) and vision levels (e.g., low vision people may not want as much AD detail) [59]. Despite some progress in understanding BLV users' preferences, most work in this area does not include short-form video content [87] or consider how nuances from users' unique video watching scenarios may give rise to different description needs [20,84].…”

Section: Video Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

“It’s Kind of Context Dependent”: Understanding Blind and Low Vision People’s Video Accessibility Preferences Across Viewing Scenarios

Jiang,

Jung,

Phutane

et al. 2024

Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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While audio description (AD) is the standard approach for making videos accessible to blind and low vision (BLV) people, existing AD guidelines do not consider BLV users' varied preferences across viewing scenarios. These scenarios range from how-to videos on YouTube, where users seek to learn new skills, to historical dramas on Netflix, where a user's goal is entertainment. Additionally, the increase in video watching on mobile devices provides an opportunity to integrate nonverbal output modalities (e.g., audio cues, tactile elements, and visual enhancements). Through a formative survey and 15 semi-structured interviews, we identified BLV people's video accessibility preferences across diverse scenarios. For example, participants valued action and equipment details for howto videos, tactile graphics for learning scenarios, and 3D models for fantastical content. We define a six-dimensional video accessibility design space to guide future innovation and discuss how to move from "one-size-fits-all" paradigms to scenario-specific approaches. CCS CONCEPTS• Human-centered computing → Accessibility.

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Section: Video Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Video Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Video Accessibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

“It’s Kind of Context Dependent”: Understanding Blind and Low Vision People’s Video Accessibility Preferences Across Viewing Scenarios

Jiang,

Jung,

Phutane

et al. 2024

Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

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“…In the corpus used in this paper, in the AD of the characters, only two subjective adjectives were found ("handsome" for Guzmán and "attractive" for Nadia), so we cannot generalize about actual differences between the English and the Spanish AD. All in all, the issue of objectivity, subjectivity and creativity in AD has been the object of extensive research(Chmiel & Mazur, 2021;Ramos Caro, 2016;Walczak, 2017; Walczak & Fryer, 2017, among others) and it is outside the scope of this paper to analyse it here. 2 Later in the show, Guzmán wears Lacoste and Fred Perry polo shirts, the quintessential stylish tennis attire created by two tennis players who became fashions icon in the entire world.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Getting the Full Picture in English and Spanish?

Vizcaíno

2021

JAT

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Drawing on the mental model theory of fictional characters (Schneider, 2001) applied to audio description (Fresno, 2016), this paper examines the audio description (AD) of characters in English and Spanish for the Netflix series Élite. The study is based on the premise that semantic descriptions of characters, rather than merely visual descriptions of physical traits, contribute to a better understanding of the narrative complexities of a film, favour AD users’ memory, and reduce cognitive effort (Fresno et al., 2016). This contrastive analysis shows how pertinent description of action movements and appearances together with lexical accuracy can trigger helpful semantic meanings that reveal characters’ psychological features. Because Élite is a thriller in which the majority of the characters are murder suspects, accessing all types of information about them is essential to fully understand the plot. In addition, this analysis indicates that the English AD emphasizes certain character attributes which are absent from the Spanish AD, a distinction that influences the semantic domains, filmic cohesion and coherence of the narrative. This finding underscores the fact that cross-linguistic and cultural differences actually affect the reception of a fictional character by AD users (Orero, 2008; Mazur & Chmiel, 2012) and consequently, their appreciation and enjoyment of the program in question. Lay summary This paper examines the audio description (AD) of characters in English and Spanish for the Netflix series Élite. Based on previous studies (Fresno, 2014; Fresno, 2016), this analysis shows that not only physical traits, but also the description of action movements and looks can trigger helpful semantic inferences that reveal crucial characters’ psychological features. Because Élite is a thriller in which most of the characters are murder suspects, grasping all types of information about them is essential to fully understand the plot. In addition, this paper indicates that the English AD emphasizes certain character attributes which are absent in the Spanish AD. This finding underscores the fact that cross-linguistic and cultural differences actually affect the reception of a fictional character by AD users (Orero, 2008; Mazur & Chmiel, 2012) and consequently, their appreciation and enjoyment of the show in question.

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Same film, different audio descriptions: describing foreign films from a functional perspective

Mazur

2023

Univ Access Inf Soc

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The article discusses a functional approach to audio describing foreign films. First, a functional model of audio description (AD) is outlined, aimed at identifying functional priorities in audio-visual content with a view to determining AD macro- and micro-strategies. Second, the skopos theory is discussed and its principles adapted for AD purposes, by proposing four rules that stand in a hierarchical order: the Skopos rule (i.e. the fact that AD should be determined by its purpose), the cohesion rule (i.e. that the AD should be internally coherent as a text), the coherence rule (i.e. that the AD should be coherent for the target audience given their presupposed background knowledge and socio-cultural circumstances), and the correspondence rule (i.e. that there should be intersemiotic coherence between the source text and the AD). Then, the article presents a case study in which it is demonstrated how the functional aspects may have an impact on the audio describer’s choices both in terms of content and form of AD, and how one film may have different ADs depending on its target audiences and the intended purposes. All in all, it is argued that functionalism in general and the skopos theory in particular as applied to AD provide a theoretical conceptualisation of AD, but more importantly, may serve as a practical tool for effective audio description as well as translation of AD scripts.

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A homogenous or heterogeneous audience? Audio description preferences of persons with congenital blindness, non-congenital blindness and low vision

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

“It’s Kind of Context Dependent”: Understanding Blind and Low Vision People’s Video Accessibility Preferences Across Viewing Scenarios

“It’s Kind of Context Dependent”: Understanding Blind and Low Vision People’s Video Accessibility Preferences Across Viewing Scenarios

Getting the Full Picture in English and Spanish?

Same film, different audio descriptions: describing foreign films from a functional perspective

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