A Homologous Radioimmunoassay for Human Prolactin1

Sinha, Y. N.; Selby, F. W.; Lewis, U. J.; Vanderlaan, W. P.

doi:10.1210/jcem-36-3-509

Cited by 695 publications

(138 citation statements)

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“…TSH was measured as described by Wood et al [16], prolactin by the method of Sinha et al [17] as modified by us [18], GH by the Lepetit Human GH Kit using IRP 66/217 as standard, LH as described by Wilde et al [19] using LH (MRC 68/ 40) as standard, FSH using non-LH cross-reacting antiserum and FSH (MRC 69/104) as standard, triiodothyronine (T3) using an antiserum raised at the University of Surrey and thyroxine (T4) using the Radiochemical Centre Kit. Testosterone was assayed by a non-chromatographic RIA using an antiserum raised at the University of Surrey and having minimal cross-reactivity with other steroid hormones and metabolites.…”

Section: Assay Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in pituitary and testicular function between diabetic patients on insulin and oral anti-diabetic agents

et al. 1978

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Summary.Pituitary responsiveness to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) was studied in thirty one male diabetics, of whom sixteen were insulin-dependent and fifteen on oral ant• agents. Ten age-matched controls were also studied. TRH and LHRH were simultaneously administered intravenously, each in a small dose of 10 ~tg followed two hours later by 190 ~tg and 90 ~tg respectively. Basal hormone levels were measured in a further group of thirty six patients (twelve on insulin, twelve on oral agents and twelve on dietary restrictions alone).Higher thyrotrophin (TSH) response was observed following the small dose of TRH in the patients treated with oral agents than in the control subjects. The response of prolactin was lower in patients treated with oral agents compared with those treated with insulin. There was no difference in plasma 73 and T 4 levels in the patients treated with insulin or oral agents. Significantly higher basal growth hormone (GH) levels were observed in the diabetics. The insulin-dependent group showed a more marked response of GH to TRH/LHRH. No response was observed in the controls. Plasma testosterone levels were significantly lower in the oral agent group (13.8 nmol/1) than in the insulin group (19.4 nmol/1), patients on dietary restrictions (18.4 nmol/1) and the control subjects (19.0 nmol/1). The LH response to the smaller dose of LHRH was impaired in patients on insulin and oral agents. There was a significant difference in FSH response between impotent and sexually normal patients.

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Section: Assay Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in pituitary and testicular function between diabetic patients on insulin and oral anti-diabetic agents

et al. 1978

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“…Thirteen had secondary hypogonadism, eleven had a latent or manifest secondary adrenal insufficiency and three had diabetes insipidus. The mean basal PRL level (x ± SEM) measured by radioimmunoassay [5] was 2422 ± 800 ng/ml ranging from 47 to 18 860 ng/ml. Our normal range for men is 8.5 to 25 ng/ml and for women up to 37.5 ng/ml.…”

Section: A In Vivo-studymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), Munich, September [4][5][6]1975, and published in abstract form in Diabetologia 11, 357 (1975) Material aud Methods…”

Section: * Presented In Part At the 11 Th Annual Meeting Of The Europeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin: A diabetogenic hormone

Landgraf

Mm²,

Weißmann³

et al. 1977

Diabetologia

174

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Summary. During an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose and insulin levels were measured in 26 patients with prolactin-producing pituitary tumours without growth hormone excess. Basal glucose and insulin levels did not differ from the values of an age-matched control group. After glucose load the hyperprolactinaemic patients showed a decrease in glucose tolerance and a hyperinsulinaemia. Bromocriptine (CB 154), which suppressed PRL, improved glucose tolerance and decreased insulin towards normal in a second OGTT. -Human PRL or CB 154 had no significant influence on insulin release due to glucose in the perfused rat pancreas. -These findings suggest a diabetogenic effect of PRL. CB 154 might be a useful drug in improving glucose utilization in hormone-active pituitary tumours.Key words: Prolactin, insulin release, glucose tolerance, pituitary tumours, pancreas perfusions, bromocriptine.Acute administration of ovine prolactin (PRL) has been shown to influence glucose metabolism in animals [1,2], to impair glucose tolerance in hypopituitary dwarfs and in hypophysectomized juvenile-type diabetics [3], and to stimulate lipid metabolism [4]. In order to study the long term effects of endogenous PRL on glucose tolerance and glucose-induced insulin secretion, patients with hyperprolactinaemia were investigated. In vitro experiments with the isolated perfused rat pancreas were undertaken to elucidate the direct effect of hPRL on insulin release. * Presented in part at the 11 th Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), Munich, September 4-6, 1975, and published in abstract form in Diabetologia 11, 357 (1975) Material aud Methods a. In vivo-StudyFifteen female and 11 male patients with hyperprolactinaemia were studied (Tab. 1). Twenty-four patients had a pituitary tumour, one had a craniopharyngioma and one had anormal sella turcica. A galactorrhoeaamenorrhoea syndrome was observed in 9 women.The average body weight was 13 ± 4 % above the ideal body weight and the average age was 34 ± 2 years (mean ± SEM). None of the patients had elevated plasma growth hormone concentrations. Eighteen patients had blunted hGH-secretion after insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. In six subjects TSH levels before and after TRH stimulation were below the lower limit of detection; six patients showed TSH values which were subnormal and two suffered from primary hypothyroidism. Thirteen had secondary hypogonadism, eleven had a latent or manifest secondary adrenal insufficiency and three had diabetes insipidus. The mean basal PRL level (x ± SEM) measured by radioimmunoassay [5] was 2422 ± 800 ng/ml ranging from 47 to 18 860 ng/ml. Our normal range for men is 8.5 to 25 ng/ml and for women up to 37.5 ng/ml. Fourteen patients were on appropriate hormone replacement therapy at the time of the study. Hypothyroidism was treated in all cases except two (Tab. 1) in order to avoid effects of low thyroid hormone levels on glucose tolerance.Fifteen patients (nine females and six males) were treated with bromocripti...

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“…Plasma PRL was measured by a double antibody radioimmunoassay (Sinha et al 1973). Prolactin stan dard (hPRI-RP-l) and the primary antiserum were do nated by the National Pituitary Agency.…”

Section: Biochemical Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylphenidate Response, Psychopathology and Tardive Dyskinesia as Predictors of Relapse in Schizophrenia

Lieberman

Alvir

Geisler

et al. 1994

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Despite the proven efficacy of acute and maintenance pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia, practical methods for identifying patients who require continuous treatment to prevent relapse have not been established. We hypothesized that a pathologic overactivity of mesolimbic and mesocortical dopamine neural systems, that mediates positive psychotic symptoms in the acute phase of the illness, persists in some outpatients who are vulnerable to relapse despite appearing clinically stable. To test and determine if putative measures of central nervous system dopamine activity predict outcome, 41 stable outpatients receiving neuroleptic maintenance treatment underwent provocative tests with methylphenidate in a randomized KEY WORDS: Schizophrenia, relapse; Dopamine; Methylphenidate Despite the proven efficacy of neuroleptic drugs in preventing psychotic relapse, much remains to be done to maximize their benefIt to risk ratio in the context of maintenance treatment strategies (Gardos et al. 1978;Schooler 1991). Numerous placebo (PBO) controlled maintenance treatment studies have shown an aver age of a 40% difference in relapse rates favoring neu roleptic treatment (Davis 1975;Kane et al. 1987). How- 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010 double-blind placebo controlled design in which behavioral, neuromotor, biochemical, and cardiovascular responses were measured. Patients were then withdrawn from medication and monitored for 52 weeks, or until relapse. The results indicate that psychotic symptoms and their activation by methylphenidate, and the presence of tardive dyskinesia are associated with each other and with a higher risk of relapse. These findings partially support our hypothesis and offer potentially useful measures for the identification of candidates for reduced dose neuroleptic maintenance treatment strategies in schizophrenia. {Neuropsychopharmacology 11: 107-118, 1994J

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A Homologous Radioimmunoassay for Human Prolactin1

Cited by 695 publications

References 0 publications

Differences in pituitary and testicular function between diabetic patients on insulin and oral anti-diabetic agents

Differences in pituitary and testicular function between diabetic patients on insulin and oral anti-diabetic agents

Prolactin: A diabetogenic hormone

Methylphenidate Response, Psychopathology and Tardive Dyskinesia as Predictors of Relapse in Schizophrenia

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