A horizon scan of global conservation issues for 2014

Sutherland, William J.; Aveling, Rosalind; Brooks, Thomas M.; Clout, Mick N.; Dicks, Lynn V.; Fellman, Liz; Fleishman, Erica; Gibbons, David W.; Keim, Brandon; Lickorish, Fiona A.; Monk, Kathryn A.; Mortimer, Diana; Peck, Lloyd S.; Pretty, Jules; Rockström, Johan; Rodrı́guez, Jon Paul; Smith, Rebecca K.; Spalding, Mark; Tonneijck, Femke H.; Watkinson, Andrew R.

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2013.11.004

Cited by 134 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…In principle, the use of such genetic methods may reduce the need for periodic releases of carriers of the desired traits. Beyond effects on the target alien species, the potential side-effects such as unintended dispersal of target species to other localities, horizontal gene transfer, and unforeseen ecological persistence of heritable control elements, have not been investigated in detail (Sutherland et al 2014). …”

Section: Invasion Stages and Implications For Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alien species and public health impacts in Europe: a literature review

Schindler¹,

Staska²,

Adam³

et al. 2015

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Impacts of alien species on human health have recently become a major issue in medical research and invasion ecology, but comprehensive assessments of this subject are largely lacking. Here, we provide a literature review of alien species with public health impacts in Europe based on a systematic search in the Thomson Reuters Web of Science. We detected 77 relevant articles, of which 21 were reviews and 56 were original research articles. The taxonomic focus was on vascular plants (n=31 articles) and dipterans (n=25 articles). The original research articles mainly covered the spread of the study species, while early invasion stages (introduction, establishment) as well as impact and management were less investigated. Alien species of health concern in Europe are mostly introduced as contaminants, and mostly originate from climatically similar regions of the Northern Hemisphere. In those cases (36% of all articles) when information on the trend in range and abundance was provided, this trend was mostly increasing. We detected little information on the severity of the impacts (two articles) and the interaction with climate change (three articles). In 15 original articles (28%) specific management measures were suggested, in only one article the socioeconomic costs were assessed. We conclude that European research on human health impacts of alien species is biased towards few species, and that several important aspects such as early invasion stages, severity of impact and its temporal trends, and the scale of the socioeconomic costs caused are poorly understood. Interdisciplinary projects bridging gaps between ecologists medical researchers, socioeconomists and public health authorities are required to link alien species to severity and trends of impacts, which is a crucial requisite for risk assessment and decision making.

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Section: Invasion Stages and Implications For Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alien species and public health impacts in Europe: a literature review

Schindler¹,

Staska²,

Adam³

et al. 2015

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“…This infectious disease became known as snake fungal disease (SFD), and by 2015 SFD had been documented in wild snakes throughout most of the eastern USA. With the potential to cause lethal infections and contribute to extinction of localized snake populations, SFD is a major conservation concern in North America [7]. Here we provide a literature review of SFD and include novel findings about this emerging disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snake fungal disease: an emerging threat to wild snakes

Lorch

Knowles

Lankton

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

197

241

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Since 2006, there has been a marked increase in the number of reports of severe and often fatal fungal skin infections in wild snakes in the eastern USA. The emerging condition, referred to as snake fungal disease (SFD), was initially documented in rattlesnakes, where the infections were believed to pose a risk to the viability of affected populations. The disease is caused by Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola , a fungus recently split from a complex of fungi long referred to as the Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii (CANV). Here we review the current state of knowledge about O. ophiodiicola and SFD. In addition, we provide original findings which demonstrate that O. ophiodiicola is widely distributed in eastern North America, has a broad host range, is the predominant cause of fungal skin infections in wild snakes and often causes mild infections in snakes emerging from hibernation. This new information, together with what is already available in the scientific literature, advances our knowledge of the cause, pathogenesis and ecology of SFD. However, additional research is necessary to elucidate the factors driving the emergence of this disease and develop strategies to mitigate its impacts. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tackling emerging fungal threats to animal health, food security and ecosystem resilience’.

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“…In general, issues move from new to emerging to widely known to acted upon (Sutherland et al, 2014). Horizon scanning, by definition, is the search for those issues that are new and emerging, not those that are widely known or being acted upon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Horizon scanning can be defined as the systematic search of potentially significant threats or opportunities that are not wellrecognized or defined within a particular field (Sutherland et al, 2014). It is useful to identify potential management and policy challenges along with research needs associated with an increase in noise producing activities, before these challenges become insurmountable.…”

Section: Scanning a Noisy Horizonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In identifying forth-coming issues (Rudd, 2014;Sutherland et al, 2014) horizon scanning encourages scientists to focus on emerging topics, and policy makers and managers to prepare to address these topics and their implications should they arise. In this way, the outputs from horizon scanning activities also can be used to influence policy.…”

Section: Scanning a Noisy Horizonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Grand Challenges in Researching Marine Noise Pollution from Vessels: A Horizon Scan for 2017

et al. 2017

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Chronic anthropogenic underwater noise, such as vessel noise, is now recognized as a world-wide problem. Marine noise from vessels, ranging from super tankers to small motorboats is increasingly recognized as being both a persistent and pervasive pollutant. Furthermore, due to its spatial and temporal variability, vessel noise pollution represents a particular challenge for marine conservation, management, and planning. This paper presents the outputs of a horizon scanning exercise that brought together a group of 40 individuals from across Canada, including: researchers, policy makers, NGOs and other end-users who work in the field of marine acoustics. The goal was to identify priority information needs, related to marine vessel acoustics, to inform new research and address policy needs. Via an iterative Delphi style process, participants identified 10 priority research questions related to marine vessel acoustic science; for example, How important is it to identify and maintain acoustic refugia? What attributes of marine vessels are the most effective indicators of marine noise? The questions were then further considered in terms of extent of current knowledge, time scale by which they can be achieved, the financial resources required and the importance of answering the question. Subsequently, the authors conducted a search of the peer-reviewed literature to situate the challenges highlighted by the horizon scanning exercise within the broader global research. Results show that investigating the attributes of marine vessels that are the most effective indicators of marine noise is a viable research question to tackle first. In addition, underpinning many of these questions is the need of long-term data collection and monitoring of both vessel traffic and marine mammal populations.

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A horizon scan of global conservation issues for 2014

Cited by 134 publications

References 59 publications

Alien species and public health impacts in Europe: a literature review

Alien species and public health impacts in Europe: a literature review

Snake fungal disease: an emerging threat to wild snakes

The Grand Challenges in Researching Marine Noise Pollution from Vessels: A Horizon Scan for 2017

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