A hospital based epidemiological study of snakebite in Western Development Region, Nepal

Magar, Chhabilal T.; Devkota, Kamal; Gupta, Ranjana; Shrestha, Ram K.; Sharma, Sanjib Kumar; Pandey, Durga Prasad

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.04.002

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Here in our study there was male preponderance with M:F ratio of 1.6:1 which is similar to 3,[7][8][9][10] previous studies though exact reason is unknown . Commonest site of bite was in lower limb (n=116) in present 3,[7][8][9][10][11] study and finding correlates with the previous literatures . In our study, majority (97.04%, n=164) were dry bite with only 2.95% cases presenting with signs of envenomation requiring ASVS and one developed ASVS complication.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…In our study, majority (97.04%, n=164) were dry bite with only 2.95% cases presenting with signs of envenomation requiring ASVS and one developed ASVS complication. This is comparable with a study done in Western Nepal, where only 9% (n=6993) had signs of envenoming and used ASVS with 13% case fatality rate but the anaphylactic reaction to ASVS was not 8 noted . Significant number of cases used tourniquet as first aid 8 before presenting to hospital and it support other studies too .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In the present study, among 169 cases of snake bite; majority (49.70%) were of age 20-54 years, mostly farmers, suggesting affection in the adult age group as suggested in the previous 1,7 literatures . Whereas a study done in Western Nepal showed majority victims between 11-20 years with female 8 predominance . Here in our study there was male preponderance with M:F ratio of 1.6:1 which is similar to 3,[7][8][9][10] previous studies though exact reason is unknown .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Whereas a study done in Western Nepal showed majority victims between 11-20 years with female 8 predominance . Here in our study there was male preponderance with M:F ratio of 1.6:1 which is similar to 3,[7][8][9][10] previous studies though exact reason is unknown . Commonest site of bite was in lower limb (n=116) in present 3,[7][8][9][10][11] study and finding correlates with the previous literatures .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Snake Bite Cases in Western Nepal

Bajracharya¹,

Joshi²,

Shrestha³

2017

J. Nepalgunj Med. College

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Background: Prevalence of snake bite is high in Nepal. However, there is no exact figure of mortality and morbidity associated with snake-bite probably due to poor reporting. Objectives: To study demographic characters of snake bite victims, to see clinical symptoms of the bite, outcome of snake bite, use of ASVS and its associated anaphylactic reaction. Methods: A retrospective observational hospital based study carried out through July- October 2017 of the patients with the history of snake bite and visited to secondary level hospital (Army Hospital) at Nepalganj. Result: Among 169 cases of snake bite between 6 months to 83 years, 49.70% was between 20-54 years. Highest number of cases (n=110) came from local areas of Nepalganj like Manikapur, Alanagar, Fulltegra, Daduwa, Gayatrinagar and Samsherganj. Male victims were 61.53% (n=104) and 38.46% (n=65) were female. Commonest site of bite was in lower limb (n=116), followed by upper limb (n=47), head, neck and trunk. Maximum number of cases came to the center within 90 minutes of bite while only n= 28 came after 180 minutes of bite. Use of tourniquet as first aid was seen in 68% (n=115) and 3 cases came in with incised wound and sucked wound. A total of 97.04% (n=164) were dry bite with 26.62% (n=45) only had suspicion of snake bite (snake not seen due to invisibility or bite other than snake). A majority of cases presented without any other symptoms (with only history of bite), 45.56% had bite marks, 17.16% had pain and swelling at the bite site, 6.7% had bleeding from the site and burning and tingling sensation. A total of 2.95% (n=5) of snake bite cases needed ASVS and one developed ASVS complication. Conclusion: Snake bite is more common in adult male between 20-54 years and the commonest site is lower limb. Maximum number of cases presented within in 90 minutes of bite using tourniquet on the affected limb as first aid. Only small percentage of snake bite required anti-snake venom treatment and its complication rate is high.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Clinical Spectrum and Outcome of Snake Bite Cases in Western Nepal

Bajracharya¹,

Joshi²,

Shrestha³

2017

J. Nepalgunj Med. College

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“…Belief in traditional snakebite treatment methods may be a challenge to snakebite management in other regions of Nepal. Although CNPBZ inhabitants scored slightly above average scores for their choice of recommended first aid measures (e.g., PIB, LCPI), likely due to recent training workshops and related books, poster, and pamphlet distribution in 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2011 [79], a recent hospital-based snakebite report from southwestern Nepal [83] and central Nepal [84] reported the common use of inappropriate snakebite first aid. Inadequate education related to the pre-hospital care of snakebite [46] likely influences chosen practices of pre-hospital care of snakebite.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public perceptions of snakes and snakebite management: implications for conservation and human health in southern Nepal

Pandey

Devkota

et al. 2016

J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine

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BackgroundVenomous snakebite and its effects are a source of fear for people living in southern Nepal. As a result, people have developed a negative attitude towards snakes, which can lead to human-snake conflicts that result in killing of snakes. Attempting to kill snakes increases the risk of snakebite, and actual killing of snakes contributes to loss of biodiversity. Currently, snake populations in southern Nepal are thought to be declining, but more research is needed to evaluate the conservation status of snakes. Therefore, we assessed attitudes, knowledge, and awareness of snakes and snakebite by Chitwan National Park’s (CNP) buffer zone (BZ) inhabitants in an effort to better understand challenges to snake conservation and snakebite management. The results of this study have the potential to promote biodiversity conservation and increase human health in southern Nepal and beyond.MethodsWe carried out face-to-face interviews of 150 randomly selected CNP BZ inhabitants, adopting a cross-sectional mixed research design and structured and semi-structured questionnaires from January–February 2013.ResultsResults indicated that 43 % of respondents disliked snakes, 49 % would exterminate all venomous snakes, and 86 % feared snakes. Farmers were the most negative and teachers were the most ambivalent towards snakes. Respondents were generally unable to identify different snake species, and were almost completely unaware of the need of conserve snakes and how to prevent snakebites. Belief in a snake god, and the ability of snakes to absorb poisonous gases from the atmosphere were among many superstitions that appeared to predispose negativity towards snakes of BZ residents.ConclusionPeople with predisposed negativity towards snakes were not proponents of snake conservation. Fear, negativity, ambivalence towards, and ignorance about, snakes and the need for snake conservation were strong indicators of the propensity to harm or kill snakes. It seems that if wanton killing of snakes continues, local snake populations will decline, and rare and endangered snake species may even become locally extirpated. Moreover, inappropriate perception and knowledge about snakes and snakebites may put BZ people at increased risk of venomous snakebite. Therefore, intensive, pragmatic educational efforts focused on natural history and ecology of snakes and prevention of snakebite should be undertaken in communities and at schools and universities.

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