A Human Adenovirus Enhances Preadipocyte Differentiation

Vangipuram, Sharada D.; Sanderman, Jonathan; Atkinson, Richard L.; Holland, Thomas C.; Dhurandhar, Nikhil V.

doi:10.1038/oby.2004.93

Cited by 110 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…All four genes studied, E1A, E1B, E3, and E4, showed maximal expression between the days 2 and 4 postinfection which coincides with the time period of maximal differentiation enhancement by Ad-36 in 3T3-L1 cells. 5 This indicated a possible role of viral genes in upregulating adipogenesis, which was confirmed by blocking the expression with antiviral agent, Cidofovir. The expression pattern of the viral genes did not allow identification of a specific candidate in differentiation enhancement.…”

Section: Choice Of Cellsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…On day 5, media was removed from these wells and the cells were fixed with 10% formaldehyde and stained with lipid specific Oil-Red O dye for 2 h, followed by isopropyl alcohol extraction as described earlier. 5 Absorbance of the alcohol extract was read at 510 nm. Next, these cells were used to isolate DNA using the Wizard Genomic DNA purification kit (Promega, Madison, WI, USA, Cat # A1120).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,6 Adenovirus type-2 produces lysis in A549 cells, but not in 3T3-L1 cells. Presence of its E1A expression A549 cells but not in 3T3-L1 cells suggested that Ad-2 does not replicate in 3T3-L1 cells, which may also explain the lack of its adipogenic effect.…”

Section: Choice Of Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To avoid the confounding effects of cells other than adipocytes, and of humoral factors, we used 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line to study the adipogenic effect of Ad-36. Although Ad-36 enhances differentiation in human primary preadipocytes, 5 they are expensive to obtain and maintain and lack a uniform genetic background. Moreover, history of previous Ad-36 infections is unknown in human sources of primary preadipocytes.…”

Section: Choice Of Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4] Inoculation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes with Ad-36, but not Ad-2 (a nonadipogenic human adenovirus), resulted in increased adipocyte number, cellular lipid accumulation and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase levels (GPDH; an adipocyte differentiation specific enzyme marker) and modulation of several key cellular genes of differentiation. 5 The absence of adipogenic effect of Ad-2 in animals and cells 5,6 and a lack of association with human obesity 1 suggested that the lipogenic potential is not a common characteristic of all adenoviruses. The lipogenic effect of Ad-36 on preadipocytes may contribute to its adipogenic potential observed in vivo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Viral mRNA expression but not DNA replication is required for lipogenic effect of human adenovirus Ad-36 in preadipocytes

Rathod

Vangipuram²,

Krishnan

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

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Objective: Human adenovirus Ad-36 causes adiposity in animal models and shows association with human obesity. Ad-36 enhances differentiation of 3T3-L1 and human preadipocytes, without cell lysis, a characteristic that may contribute to its adipogenic effect observed in vivo. Ad-2, another human adenovirus is nonadipogenic in animals and in 3T3-L1 cells and shows no correlation with human obesity. The objective of this study was to determine the adipogenic roles of viral mRNA and DNA, which may explain the differential effects of Ad-36 and Ad-2 on preadipocyte differentiation. Methods: This study determined the duration of selected Ad-36 gene expression in 3T3-L1 cells, and the effect on preadipocytes differentiation, when Ad-36 gene expression was attenuated by Cidofovir, an antiadenoviral agent. Results:The results showed that Ad-36, but not Ad-2, expresses viral mRNA. Ad-36 gene expression peaked at 2-4 days postinoculation and very low levels persisted after day 7. Despite the viral mRNA expression, Ad-36 infection of 3T3-L1 cells was abortive as indicated by a progressive decrease in viral DNA quantity. Attenuation of Ad-36 mRNA expression by Cidofovir reduced the adipogenic effect of the virus. Conclusion: In conclusion, viral mRNA expression, although transient, is a prerequisite for enhancing differentiation of preadipocytes by Ad-36. Viral DNA replication was not required for the effect. This is the first evidence for the role of gene expression of an adipogenic human virus in enhancing preadipocytes differentiation. This study provides the basis for further understanding novel regulatory modulators of preadipocytes differentiation.

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Section: Choice Of Cellsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Choice Of Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Choice Of Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Viral mRNA expression but not DNA replication is required for lipogenic effect of human adenovirus Ad-36 in preadipocytes

Rathod

Vangipuram²,

Krishnan

et al. 2006

Int J Obes

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Viral Induction of Obesity and Adipogenesis

Pasarica

Dhurandhar

Mashtalir

et al. 2010

Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease

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Obesity and diabetes as high‐risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19)

Zhou

Chi

et al. 2020

Diabetes Metabolism Res

463

355

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The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19) has become an evolving worldwide health crisis. With the rising prevalence of obesity and diabetes has come an increasing awareness of their impacts on infectious diseases, including increased risk for various infections, post‐infection complications and mortality from critical infections. Although epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Covid‐19 have been constantly reported, no article has systematically illustrated the role of obesity and diabetes in Covid‐19, or how Covid‐19 affects obesity and diabetes, or special treatment in these at‐risk populations. Here, we present a synthesis of the recent advances in our understanding of the relationships between obesity, diabetes and Covid‐19 along with the underlying mechanisms, and provide special treatment guidance for these at‐risk populations.

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A Human Adenovirus Enhances Preadipocyte Differentiation

Cited by 110 publications

References 14 publications

Viral mRNA expression but not DNA replication is required for lipogenic effect of human adenovirus Ad-36 in preadipocytes

Viral mRNA expression but not DNA replication is required for lipogenic effect of human adenovirus Ad-36 in preadipocytes

Viral Induction of Obesity and Adipogenesis

Obesity and diabetes as high‐risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid‐19)

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