A Human Factors Analysis of ADL Activities: A Capability-Demand Approach

Czaja, Sara J.; Weber, Ruth; Nair, Sankaran N.

doi:10.1093/geronj/48.special_issue.44

Cited by 47 publications

(34 citation statements)

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“…Especially for men, inactivity in domestic tasks may be a result of long‐term division of roles. Other explanations for discrepancies between competence and actual performance can be found in personal circumstances and environment, such as financial means and distance to shops 30 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disability in the Oldest Old: “Can Do” or “Do Do”?

Wiel

Gussekloo

Craen

et al. 2001

J American Geriatrics Society

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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the discrepancies between outcomes for competence (can do) and actual performance (do do) in activities of daily living (ADLs). DESIGN: Baseline measurements of a population‐based follow‐up study. SETTING: Leiden 85‐Plus Study, the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Five hundred and ninety‐nine persons, age 85. The response rate was 86%. MEASUREMENTS: Face‐to‐face interviews. Measurements of competence and actual performance were based on the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale. Help received was assessed for several domains. Prevalence rates for disability were assessed according to the concepts of both competence and actual performance. Analysis was performed separately for basic activities of daily living (BADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). RESULTS: Seventy‐seven percent of the oldest old were competent to perform all the BADLs and performed them regularly. Fifteen percent were not competent to perform certain BADLs independently but performed them regularly with help from others. The prevalence of disability defined as inability in one or more BADLs was 22% for women and 10% for men. The prevalence of disability defined as inactivity in one or more BADLs was 16% for women and 17% for men. Only 5% of the oldest old were competent to perform all IADLs and performed them regularly. In spite of being competent, 70% did not perform certain IADLs regularly. The prevalence of disability defined as inability in one or more IADLs was 64% for women and 55% for men. The prevalence of disability defined as inactivity in one or more IADLs was 92% for women and 98% for men. CONCLUSION: The structural discrepancies between the outcomes of competence and actual performance have important consequences when estimating disability in old people. Promoting actual performance in IADLs may reduce disability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disability in the Oldest Old: “Can Do” or “Do Do”?

Wiel

Gussekloo

Craen

et al. 2001

J American Geriatrics Society

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“…Disabilities will limit the coping abilities of the aged at home [1,2]. Falling is one of the major factors leading to disabilities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Major Injurious Falls among the Home-Dwelling Elderly by Functional Abilities

Koski

Luukinen²,

Laippala³

et al. 1998

Gerontology

153

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Background: In order to identify the risk factors essential for preventing major injurious falls, the associations between injurious falls and certain factors were assessed among disabled and independent elderly, respectively, who had fallen during a 2-year period. Methods: A prospective population-based study was conducted in five rural northern Finnish municipalities. The series consisted of all inhabitants aged 70 years or over, initially 979 persons. During a 2-year follow-up period, all injurious falls were recorded on the basis of telephone contacts, diary reporting and a review of the medical records of the participants. Results: Thirty percent of the subjects having fallen sustained a major injury. The multivariate model applied to the disabled elderly showed the following variables to be related to a high risk for major injurious falls: divorced, widowed or unmarried marital status (odds ratio = 2.2), a low body mass index (odds ratio = 3.1), incomplete step continuity (odds ratio = 2.2), poor distant visual acuity (odds ratio = 2.3) and the use of long-acting benzodiazepines (odds ratio = 2.4). Among the independent elderly, the risk of a fall resulting in major injury was high among the subjects who had peripheral neuropathy (odds ratio = 2.5) or were suffering from insomnia (odds ratio = 4.1). Conclusions: The risk factors for major injuries in fall occurrences differ between the disabled and independent elderly. Preventive measures should be targeted according to the disabilities of the population.

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“…Human factors is concerned with optimising the interaction between people and products or services. The underlying premise is that activity demands represent performance criteria, where difficulties occur due to a mismatch between the criteria and a person's capabilities [17]. Verbrugge and Jette [18] provide a simple example that illustrates the relevance of this concept to the disablement process: An older woman with arthritis in her hands ('pathology') may have weak grip and restricted finger flexion ('impairment'), causing her difficulty to grasp and rotate objects ('functional limitation') which, in turn, prevents her from opening jars and doors ('disability').…”

Section: Human Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design for an ageing population: promoting independence and quality of life

Seidel¹

2008

AMJ

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Solutions to promote independent living in old age may occur at a systems level, where the health sciences, engineering and human factors work together. A better engineering response is needed directed at the problems encountered in the area of instrumental activities of daily living. Field studies can provide valuable insights, but survey data are needed to complement and pinpoint areas for design improvement.

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A Human Factors Analysis of ADL Activities: A Capability-Demand Approach

Cited by 47 publications

References 0 publications

Disability in the Oldest Old: “Can Do” or “Do Do”?

Disability in the Oldest Old: “Can Do” or “Do Do”?

Risk Factors for Major Injurious Falls among the Home-Dwelling Elderly by Functional Abilities

Design for an ageing population: promoting independence and quality of life

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