“…Integrating GIS-based and MCDM techniques has become instrumental in spatial analyses, particularly in risk and suitability assessments for renewable energy projects like solar and wind. Numerous MCDM methods, including AHP [8,9,11,15,28,49,[57][58][59], fuzzy AHP [16,47,60], integrated AHP [36], analytical network process (ANP) [18], decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) [18], adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) [19], density-based clustering [29], best-worst method (BMW) [1], weighted linear combination (WLC) [1,5,8,47,49], data envelopment analysis (DEA) [61], fuzzy complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) [61], preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations (PROMETHEE II) [15], and spatial decision support system (SDSS) [4], have been applied in wind power resource assessments. Among these, AHP stands out as a robust and widely utilized technique due to its simplicity and effectiveness in solving complex decision problems within specific case studies.…”