A Hybrid Five-Level Modular Multilevel Converter With High Efficiency and Small Energy Storage Requirements for HVDC Transmission

Bieber, Levi; Pfannschmidt, Joel; Wang, Liwei; Jatskevich, Juri; Li, Wei

doi:10.1109/tie.2022.3158006

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Considering that the use of sinusoidal signal for the modulating wave will cause the DC voltage utilization rate to decrease, in actual engineering, when the common star arrangement is used on the load side, the third harmonic injection method is usually adopted to improve the defects of low DC voltage utilization (Zhao et al, 2019;Bieber et al, 2023).…”

Section: Influence Of Third Harmonic Injection Modulation On the H-br...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the loss characteristics of high-voltage cascaded energy storage systems based on IGCTs

Chen,

Qu,

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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High-voltage cascaded energy storage systems have become a major technical direction for the development of large-scale energy storage systems due to the advantages of large unit capacity, high overall efficiency, satisfactory economy, reliable safety, and easy access to grid dispatching. The loss characteristics analysis is the design basis of the water-cooling system of a high-voltage cascaded energy storage system, and its accurate calculation can determine the system’s safe and reliable operation of the system. This paper first introduces the four-quadrant operation principles of a cascaded H-bridge energy storage system, and analyzes the calculation method of the loss of the Integrated Gate-Commutated Thyristor based power module; On this basis, it studies the loss characteristics of the cascaded energy storage system and analyzes the influence of different modulation strategies and third harmonic injection on the loss characteristics of the energy storage system; Finally, this paper has completed the loss test for the engineering prototype module and compared the test results with theoretical calculation results to verify the accuracy of the loss calculation method of the high-voltage cascaded energy storage system.

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Section: Influence Of Third Harmonic Injection Modulation On the H-br...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the loss characteristics of high-voltage cascaded energy storage systems based on IGCTs

Chen,

Qu,

et al. 2023

Front. Energy Res.

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“…The modular multilevel converters (MMC) are the next major breakthough in VSC-HVDC technology, minimizing the losses in two and three-level converters. In [10], proposed a hybrid five level converter topology (H5LC) having additional low cost flying capacitors (FC's). The FC's provides addition voltage level and in H5LC the switching losses reduces significantly compared to PWM, two and three-level converters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Analysis of VSC-HVDC System with Disturbances in the Adjacent AC Networks

Tiwari

Kumar

Gupta

et al. 2023

DGAEJ

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VSC-HVDC systems are widely used to integrate wind farms, asynchronous generations and networks operating at different frequencies. The Multi-terminal (MT) and multi-fed (MF) HVDC’s are the system mainly constituted of VSC’s, to integrate renewable sources and transmitting bulk power to conventional AC grids. A sudden change in the steady state even in adjacent networks may create severe disturbances in the operation of such HVDC systems. The disturbances in AC or DC networks directly influence the performance of systems, particularly in MT-HVDC and MF-HVDC systems. However, the HVDC systems are known for their intelligent control in modulating operational states as and when required. This paper presents the dynamic analysis of MF-HVDC system due to load changes, faults and other disturbances in the adjacent AC networks. The result indicates that VSC-HVDC provides decoupled control of active and reactive power with capability in adjusting operational mode during various minor and major disturbances. Based on the results obtained, the paper proposed a novel sensitivity factor indicating percentage coupling among various line parameters during disturbances. Furthermore, the VSC’s injects harmonic signals on both AC and DC sides of HVDC system. These harmonics voltage or currents signals may get amplified to a dangerously high magnitude at resonance frequencies. Thus, the frequency characteristics of different subsystems are also analyzed using FFT. A ±100 kV, 200 MW bipolar MF VSC-HVDC test systems is used to simulated the results in MATLAB/Simulink software.

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“…Building upon the expected benefits of the recently proposed converters, the new class of HCMCs combines the simplicity of two-and three-level converters with the modularity and stepped-voltage generation of the MMCs [11]− [15]. This paper focuses on the types of HCMCs with the generalized structure of Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hybrid five-level converter (H5LC) proposed in [15] is a converter structurally similar to the H3LC that corresponds to the topology of Fig. 1 (d) with 𝑁𝑁 MC = 1, i.e., Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, to avoid using more FBSMs to reach the needed blocking voltages, the HCMCs require additional circuitry to bypass the FBSMs during DC-side short-circuit faults to protect their IGBTs. As proposed in [15] for the H5LC, the HCMCs can use bidirectional thyristor valves (BTVs) with fast mechanical switches (FMSs) to effectively decouple the AC-and DC-sides. BTVs have high blocking voltages and surge current capabilities while having a simple mechanical design and a small footprint compared to FBSMs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Universal Equivalent Model for Real-Time CPU/FPGA Co-Simulation of Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Converters

et al. 2023

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Accurate and computationally-efficient real-time simulation plays a key role in rapid control prototyping (RCP) of VSC-HVDC converters for their reliable operations in power grids. Hardware-in-theloop (HIL) based converter controller designs can be facilitated by real-time simulation to achieve the desirable responses of controller throughout all operating conditions. Although common for modular multilevel converters (MMCs), the real-time simulation approach has been scarcely applied to the new class of hybrid cascaded multilevel converters (HCMCs). In this paper, a computationally-efficient and accurate universal equivalent model (UEM) is proposed for a wide range of HCMC topologies, based on CPU and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) co-simulation. The hybrid five-level converter (H5LC), a novel DCfault tolerant, compact, and efficient VSC in the family of HCMCs, is used to derive the proposed UEM. The UEM utilizes CPUs to simulate the main circuits and controls of the main converter and employs an FPGA for calculation of the instantaneous voltage of very large number of full-bridge submodules (FBSMs), flying capacitors, and DC-side pole capacitors. Moreover, the FBSMs' voltage-balancing and switching algorithms are also implemented on FPGA. The proposed real-time CPU/FPGA-based H5LC-UEM is compared to the offline CPU-based detailed equivalent model to verify the new model and its numerical accuracy.INDEX TERMS FPGA, hybrid multilevel converter, modular multilevel converter (MMC), rapid control prototyping (RCP), real-time simulation, voltage-source converter high voltage direct current (VSC -HVDC).

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A Hybrid Five-Level Modular Multilevel Converter With High Efficiency and Small Energy Storage Requirements for HVDC Transmission

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Research on the loss characteristics of high-voltage cascaded energy storage systems based on IGCTs

Research on the loss characteristics of high-voltage cascaded energy storage systems based on IGCTs

Dynamic Analysis of VSC-HVDC System with Disturbances in the Adjacent AC Networks

Universal Equivalent Model for Real-Time CPU/FPGA Co-Simulation of Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Converters

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