“…At present, the commonly-used UAV trajectory planning algorithms can be divided into two categories: one is traditional algorithms for classical optimization [6,7], mainly consisting of dynamic planning, rapidly exploring random tree (RRT), Voronoi diagram, A * algorithm [8][9][10][11][12][13] and Dijkstra algorithm; and the other is modern intelligent optimization algorithms [14], including differential evolution (DE) [15], ant colony optimization (ACO), particle swarm optimization, and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) [16][17][18]. As plenty of researchers have studied and applied these two types of algorithms, they have suggested a cooperative coevolutionary genetic algorithm in the literature [19], which solves the problem of trajectory planning of multiple UAVs in two-dimensional space. In the literature [20], the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm and simulated annealing (SA) algorithm have been combined to solve issues of cooperative trajectory planning in two-dimensional space.…”