“…Related approaches include keyword-based analysis (Lee et al 2009;Zhou et al 2014), citation analysis (Choi & Park 2009), subject-action-object-based semantic analysis (Zhang et al 2014b), diffusion modeling (Cunningham & Kwakkel 2014), and the combination of certain above approaches (Li 2015;Guo et al 2016). Further, such approaches have already been applied to a number of industry sectors, in particular emerging sectors, such as electric vehicles (Huang et al 2014), dye-sensitized solar cells (Zhang et al 2014c), energy industry (Daim & Oliver 2008;Kajikawa et al 2008;Daim et al 2017), and 3D printing (Huang et al 2017b). In parallel, based on the citation linkages between scientific articles, main path analysis (Lucio-Arias & Leydesdorff 2008) and hybrid models with both citation and co-citation statistics (Small et al 2014) are exploited to identify emerging topics and trace technological evolution as well.…”