“…Data mining and machine learning techniques have been applied in various application domains for knowledge discovery and business intelligence (Gupta, Ahuja, Malhotra, Bala, & Kaur, 2017;Kim et al, 2017;Le, Gabrys, & Nauck, 2017;Lee et al, 2017;Márquez-Vera et al, 2016;Moro, Cortez, & Rita, 2018). Machine learning techniques have also been compared for customer churn prediction (Vafeiadis, Diamantaras, Sarigiannidis, & Chatzisavvas, 2015).…”