A Hybrid Modular Cascade Machines System for Electric Vehicles Using Induction Machine and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine

Torque Capability Comparison of Induction and Interior Permanent Magnet Machines for Traction Applications

“…𝑅 0_𝐼𝑃𝑀 and 𝑅 0_𝐼𝑀 are the phase resistances calculated at 20℃ for IPM machine and IM, respectively. In additional to stator copper loss, rotor bar copper loss, estimated by the square of bar current 𝐼 𝑏𝑎𝑟 multiplied by bar resistance 𝑅 𝑏𝑎𝑟 , is included for IM Equation (8). Total stator and rotor core loss can be calculated by using (9), where 𝑃 ℎ𝑠𝑦 is hysteresis loss, 𝑃 𝑒𝑥𝑐 is excessive loss, 𝑃 𝑒𝑑𝑑 is eddy current loss, 𝑓 1 is working frequency, and 𝑓 0 is the fundamental frequency.…”

“…Interior-permanent magnet (IPM) rotor topologies are employed in the propulsion systems of the world's leading commercial hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and EVs, including Tesla/Model 3, Nissan/LEAF, Renault/Zoe, Toyota/Prius, Mitsubishi/Outlander, Hyundai/Kona, BMW/i3, Audi/e-tron, Kia/Niro, and many others. Alternatively, some other vehicles, such as Tesla (Model S), BMW (X5), GM (EV1), Renault (Kangoo), Chrysler (Durango), and several other vehicles use induction machines (IMs) [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Electrical machines designed for propulsion applications should have the following essential performance characteristics: high-starting torque, high-efficiency over a wide speed range, high-power and torque densities, low-torque ripple, high-reliability, and affordable cost [11,12].…”

“…U-V-W-shapes, various PM layers, and etc. (IPM 2), IPM machines designed with one of the rotor topologies given in IPM 2 (IPM 1), surface-mounted PM (SPM) machine, switched reluctance machine (SRM), synchronous reluctance machine (SnyRM), brushless DC (BLDC) machines, PM assisted SRM (PMaSRM), claw-pole (CP) machine [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Moreover, some of the studies have been investigated the design and drives of these traction machines [5,[10][11][12] and [21][22][23][24].…”

“…However, PM machines offer higher efficiency and torque density. In [3][4][5][6][7][8][11][12][13]18], IM has been compared with IPM machines in terms of torque and power density, power losses, material costs, etc. However, in none of these studies, torque capabilities have been investigated.…”

An Improved Analytical Model of Magnetic Field in Surface-Mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Magnetic Pole Cutting

“…Compared with conventional machines, PM machines have the superiority in reliable operation, high efficiency, flexible shape and size. Therefore, PM machines are widely used in aerospace, electric vehicles, industrial production, agricultural production and other fields [1]- [5]. Designers pay close attention to the electromagnetic field distribution in PM machines, which is very important to design a PM machine with excellent performance.…”