The paper puts forward microwave deicing after analyzing the shortage of deicing using chemistry, thermal and mechanism. It points out that study of microwave deicing is restricted by deicing efficiency. In order to improve the microwave deicing efficiency and achieve fast deicing in winter road maintenance, the influence factors of microwave deicing efficiency are studied. Then frequency of microwave is simulated by CST software. The findings indicated that deicing efficiency is concerned with the microwave frequency, electric field intensity of microwave, road material, environmental temperature, thickness of ice, impurity content of ice, heating mode of microwave, distance between road and waveguide mouth and so on. At the same condition, the deicing efficiency of 5.8 GHz magnetron is four times more than 2.45 GHz magnetron.