A hybrid power system based on fuel cell, photovoltaic source and supercapacitor

Abstract

In this study, we present an ameliorated power management method for dc microgrid. The importance of exploiting renewable energy has long been a controversial topic, and due to the advantages of DC over the AC type, a typical DC islanded micro-grid has been proposed in this paper. This typical microgrid is composed of two sources: fuel cell (FC), solar cell (PV) and one storage element [supercapacitor (SC)]. Here, we aimed to provide a management strategy that guarantees optimized bus voltage with arranged power-sharing between the sources. This proposed management aims to provide high-quality energy to the load under different loading conditions with variable solar irradiance, taking into account the FC state. Due to the slow dynamics of the FC, the SC was equipped to supply the transient period. A management algorithm is implemented to hold the DC bus voltage stable against the load variations. The management controller is based on differential flatness approach to generate the references. The DC bus is regulated by the SC energy; to reduce the fluctuations in the DC bus voltage, The PI controller is implemented. This proposed strategy reduces the voltage ripple in the DC bus. Moreover, it provides permanent supplying to the load with smooth behaviour over the sudden changes in the demand as depicted in the simulation results. Our study revealed that this proposed manager can be used for this kind of grids easily.

Optimal Adaptive Gain LQR-Based Energy Management Strategy for Battery–Supercapacitor Hybrid Power System

“…An LQR controller is used for generating the SC required power. The control law can be written as P re f batt = P req SC + P load (7) where the supercapacitor power required is generated by an LQR controller. The lower level generates the duty cycle for each converter, based on the generated power references.…”

“…Hybrid power systems (HPSs) are a set of co-operating power sources, and the coordination of their operation is realized using advanced power electronics systems [1]. Due to its advantages, a HPS can be employed for Electrical Vehicles (EV) (EV) applications [2][3][4] or stationary applications [5][6][7]. This has resulted in a spark of interest in the research field, with different hybridizations and energy management strategies having been developed to further reduce emissions and improve fuel economy [8].…”

Proposed Model of Sustainable Resource Management for Smart Grid Utilization

“…In [21], the author proposed a model where PEMFC stack along with solar cell and battery has been incorporated with DC bus to control fluctuations having the drawback of utilization for small scale microgrid. In [22] authors proposed a model for standalone applications where PEMFC is switched by electrolyzer coming from main DC bus where PV Source, PEMFC, and ultracapacitor were feeding to main DC Bus.…”

“…Other types of fuel cells include direct methanol fuel cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and carbonate type which vary in cost and energy density and for their dynamic operation, a boost converter is used. Fuel cell integration with solar has shown high economic benefits, an energy conversion efficiency of 60-80 percent, scalability to desired demand, and flexibility [21]. So, expeditious deployment of sustainable energy sources sector aided with more mature power electronics in energy sector surely help in meeting energy demands and achieving green environment.…”

Optimal Adaptive Gain LQR-based Energy Management Strategy for Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid Power System

“…Hybrid power systems (HPSs) are a set of co-operating power sources, the coordination of their operation is realized by means of advanced power electronics systems [1]. Due to its advantages, the HPS can be employed for the EVs applications [2][3][4] or for the stationary applications [5][6][7]. This resulted in a spark of interest in the research field, with different hybridizations and energy management strategies having been developed to further reduce emissions and improve fuel economy [8].…”