A Hybrid PWM-Resonant DC-DC Converter for Electric Vehicle Battery Charger Applications

Abstract

In this paper, a new hybrid DC-DC converter is proposed for electric vehicle 3.3 kW on-board battery charger applications, which can be modulated in a phase-shift manner under a fixed frequency or frequency variation. By integrating a half-bridge (HB) LLC series resonant converter (SRC) into the conventional phase-shift full-bridge (PSFB) converter with a full-bridge rectifier, the proposed converter has many advantages such as a full soft-switching range without duty-cycle loss, zero-current-switching operation of the rectifier diodes, minimized circulating current, reduced filter inductor size, and better utilization of transformers than other hybrid dc-dc converters. The feasibility of the proposed converter has been verified by experimental results under an output voltage range of 250-420V dc at 3.3 kW.

A Hybrid Soft Switching Full Bridge Converter Suitable for the Electric Vehicle Charge Applications

“…Design of the resonant parameters L lk2 and C r can be performed based on the ZVS constraint at full-load condition. The reasonable value of the quality factor Q ZVS is selected as 1.3 [28]…”

“…However, in case of the battery charger applications, since a wide variation in the input and output voltage is required, the switching frequency range becomes extremely wide, thereby making the resonant operation impractical. To overcome the variable frequency control problem, some research [24][25][26][27][28] has been conducted using the phase-shift control to operate the resonant converter with a fixed frequency.…”

“…Finally, the concluding remarks are given in Section 6. [24]; (b) [24] paralleled type; (c) FB converter integrated with a symmetric half-bridge converter connected in parallel [25]; (d) hybrid PWM and resonant converter with shared lagging-leg switches [26]; (e) hybrid PWM and resonant converter with dual outputs connected in series [27]; (f) half-bridge LLC SRC integrated into a PSFB converter [28]. Figure 3 shows the key waveforms of the proposed converter.…”

Robust Adaptive Feedback VBW Model for HM-Based SM Controller for DC-DC Multicellular Converters

“…Thus, they developed a procedure to choose the high-pass filter parameters of the sliding mode-controlled converters. In addition, they presented derivatives of sliding mode control, including the direct /indirect sliding mode, the integral sliding mode, the proportional sliding mode, and the high order sliding mode [20] - [23]. As far, sliding mode control has been widely studied and has proven to be a future solution for generations of power converters, yet, it suffers from the problem of high-frequency oscillation (chattering) due to the practical limitations of system components and the problem of This leads us to propose an implementation of the sliding mode controller by hysteresis modulator and using an adaptive hysteresis band that varies with parameter changes.…”

A Robust Battery Grouping Method Based on a Characteristic Distribution Model

“…To address our ever-increasing demands for energy and the urgent environmental impact issues caused by higher levels of energy production, one of the most viable solutions is to electrify vehicles for improved fuel efficiency and reduced emissions, and to implement clean, renewable energy systems for electricity generation on a large scale with high penetration [1][2][3]. Batteries are one of the most critical enabling technologies for accomplishing clean, efficient and sustainable energy development in transportation and power sectors.…”