“…Among the various EAs, the most used, in particular for the array pattern synthesis, are the Genetic Algorithm (GA) [3], [4], the Differential Evolution (DE) [5] and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) [6]. To improve the algorithms performance, especially related to their convergence capability, some hybrid approaches were also proposed: in [7] a technique obtained by hybridizing GA and PSO is presented, while in [8] and [9] the PSO alone or in conjunction with the GA is further hybridized with the Taguchi method. In [10], the genetic algorithm is combined with a local optimization approach, and in [11], [12] the convex programming is used to increase the performance of the single objective or the multi-objective PSO, respectively.…”