Abstract-An extension of the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA), originally developed for targets in free space, is presented for the electromagnetic scattering from arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional (3-D), electrically large, perfectly conducting targets above or embedded within a lossy half space. We have developed and implemented electric-field, magnetic-field, and combined-field integral equations for this purpose. The nearby terms in the MLFMA framework are evaluated by using the rigorous half-space dyadic Green's function, computed via the method of complex images. Non-nearby (far) MLFMA interactions, handled efficiently within the multilevel clustering construct, employ an approximate dyadic Green's function. This is expressed in terms of a direct-radiation term plus a single real image