“…Of the 23 studies, 15 had a predominantly white sample (ranged from
39% to 98%), 6 had a predominantly African American sample (ranged from 39% to 68%),
1 had a predominantly Hispanic sample (64%), and the only study that was conducted
outside the United States presumably had a 100% Asian sample. Of the 23 studies, 4
were experimental 21,22,28,31 (2 studies
explored the effect of the same intervention; however, they explored different HF
outcomes 21,22 ). On top of assessing health literacy, 5 of the 19
observational studies explored potential predictors of health literacy, 27,32–35 5 explored
the relationship between health literacy and HF outcomes (eg, hospitalization,
mortality, quality of life), 26,29,30,36,37 8 explored both the predictors of health literacy
and the impact of health literacy on HF outcomes, 23,24,38–42 and the remaining study merely assessed the health literacy
of its sample.…”