This preprint is a re-edition of the doctoral thesis bearing the same title. The version accepted for obtaining the PhD title can be found on Lirias (KU Leuven) and Docta (Universitá Cattolica del Sacro Cuore).
Notes for the arXiv version.Chapter 4 contains new results not yet published. Chapters 1, 2 and the appendices are intended as a review on L ∞ -algebras and their applications in multisymplectic geometry. They are functional to chapter 4.