A Hydrogen‐Bonded Extracellular Matrix‐Mimicking Bactericidal Hydrogel with Radical Scavenging and Hemostatic Function for pH‐Responsive Wound Healing Acceleration

Abstract

Generation of reactive oxygen species, delayed blood clotting, prolonged inflammation, bacterial infection, and slow cell proliferation are the main challenges of effective wound repair. Herein, a multifunctional extracellular matrix‐mimicking hydrogel is fabricated through abundant hydrogen bonding among the functional groups of gelatin and tannic acid (TA) as a green chemistry approach. The hydrogel shows adjustable physicochemical properties by altering the concentration of TA and it represents high safety features both in vitro and in vivo on fibroblasts, red blood cells, and mice organs. In addition to the merit of facile encapsulation of cell proliferation‐inducing hydrophilic drugs, accelerated healing of skin injury is obtained through pH‐dependent release of TA and its multifaceted mechanisms as an antibacterial, antioxidant, hemostatic, and anti‐inflammatory moiety. The developed gelatin‐TA (GelTA) hydrogel also shows an outstanding effect on the formation of extracellular matrix and wound closure in vivo via offered cell adhesion sites in the backbone of gelatin that provide increased re‐epithelialization and better collagen deposition. These results suggest that the multifunctional GelTA hydrogel is a promising candidate for the clinical treatment of full‐thickness wounds and further development of wound dressing materials that releases active agents in the neutral or slightly basic environment of infected nonhealing wounds.

Silk fibroin/chitosan hydrogel with antibacterial, hemostatic and sustained drug‐release activities

“…Using Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus as model bacteria, the antibacterial activity of the S80/C20 hydrogel was evaluated using the agar disc diffusion method. 27 First, the bacteria were inoculated into nutrient broth and cultured in an incubator at 37 °C for 24 h. Next, the bacterial number was counted using a photometric method, and the concentration of the bacterial solution was diluted to 1 × 10 8 CFU mL -1 . Subsequently, 100 μL of the diluted bacterial liquid was uniformly distributed onto an agar plate, and the S80/C20 hydrogel was placed on top of this plate.…”

Multifunctional Injectable Hydrogel Loaded with Cerium-Containing Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles for Diabetic Wound Healing

“…The SEM images show that our hydrogel exhibited a three-dimensional network structure ( Figure 2 A–D). High porosity in hydrogels is an important physical property, because it has a great influence on cell migration, tissue regeneration, nutrition and oxygen supply and the removal of wastes needed for cell survival [ 37 ]. In addition, the porosity of hydrogel has an important effect on the local angiogenesis and the mechanical properties of hydrogels [ 38 ].…”

“…Due to the bioactive motifs of Gelatin, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD), which can promote the adhesion and growth of different types of cells. In particular, RGD motifs do not contain functional groups that can react with MA; thus, GelMA materials maintained the cell adhesion properties [ 14 , 37 ].…”

Nanomaterials in Skin Regeneration and Rejuvenation

“…Such molecules are usually polyphenols and their derivatives, but also other compounds, from both natural and synthetic sources, have been employed with remarkable results. Ceria [79], curcumin [80], hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, such as p-coumaric and ferulic acids [81], tannic acid [82], propolis [83], natural plant extracts [84][85][86], anthocyanins [87] and many other phytochemicals within nanocomposites have been tested for their ROS scavenging activities with relevant effects, especially in the case of diabetic chronic wounds, where over-production of ROS can impair angiogenesis and results in continuous inflammation [88][89][90].…”