A Hydrogen Singing-flame Ionization Detector

Graiff, L. B.

doi:10.1038/203856a0

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Considerable research from diverse fields has defined and sometimes even explained the workings of different types of oscillatory combustion systems . In gas chromatography, an FID based on a “singing flame” has produced ion yields 2−3 times higher than a conventional FID . In other cases, flame oscillations have been considered more of a nuisance…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic Flame Detector for Gas Chromatography

1996

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A novel gas chromatography detector is described that uses acoustic signals from a partly premixed hydrogen-air flame burning on top of a capillary. The device, referred to as the acoustic flame detector (AFD), is based on the measurement of the frequency of acoustic transients generated at the burner under a range of operating conditions. The presence of trace amounts of analyte in the flame was found to increase the frequency of these sonic bursts from the baseline level of ∼100 Hz. The response of the AFD for n-dodecane, measured as the shift in frequency, was determined to be linear over ∼3 orders of magnitude, with a minimum detectable level of about 1-5 ng C/s using the current system. The sensitivity correlates roughly with carbon content, except for certain organometallics (Sn, Mn), which gave substantially enhanced signals. Some tailing was observed but became serious only for particular types of organometallics. The noise of the system was predominantly of the 1/f type. The effects of flow conditions, burner geometry, and flame gas constituents were investigated. The oscillations could be followed by acoustic, visual, electrical, and optical means. The AFD mechanism is shown to involve oscillatory chemical kinetics, in which the flame front (the inner cone) temporarily enters a few millimeters into the capillary during each cycle, thereby creating the acoustic signal.

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confidence: 99%

Acoustic Flame Detector for Gas Chromatography

1996

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“…An FID circuit which includes two additional control electrodes has been described (468). Sensitivity was doubled or tripled from a singeing flame detector under certain conditions of hydrogen, air, and carrier gas flow (230,231). An improved FID which is particularly effective at high temperatures has been designed (348) and Fowlis and associates (181) critically compared the argon and FID devices.…”

Section: Chamberlain Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography

Nogare¹,

Juvet²

1966

Anal. Chem.

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“…However, to date, no such flame has been reported to yield an acoustic response of any sort toward analyte. Still, early on it was noted that an FID employing a singing flame was found to have enhanced sensitivity [68,69].…”

Section: Acoustic Flame Detection (Afd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acoustic methods of detection in gas chromatography

Mah¹,

Thurbide²

2006

J of Separation Science

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Review Acoustic methods of detection in gas chromatographyA brief review of the use of acoustic detection methods in GC is presented. While a number of methods (some quite similar) have been developed for use as gas-phase sensors in various applications, this article focuses specifically on those techniques that have been used to detect analytes following their separation by GC. Overall, a number of "active" acoustic methods (which measure analytes through their interaction with a controlled external acoustic wave source) were reportedly used as GC detectors. These include ultrasonic, thickness shear mode, surface acoustic wave (SAW), and flexural plate wave methods. Conversely, "passive" acoustic methods (those that produce an acoustic signal through some chemical reaction with the analyte) have also been used as GC detectors. These include photoacoustic and acoustic flame methods of detection. Of the two major classifications, reports of active methods are far more prevalent. In particular, the usage of SAW techniques with GC is an area of research that has seen accelerated growth in recent years.

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A Hydrogen Singing-flame Ionization Detector

Cited by 7 publications

References 3 publications

Acoustic Flame Detector for Gas Chromatography

Acoustic Flame Detector for Gas Chromatography

Gas Chromatography

Acoustic methods of detection in gas chromatography

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