A hydrographic section across the subtropical South Indian Ocean

Toole, John M.; Warren, Bruce A.

doi:10.1016/0967-0637(93)90042-2

Cited by 245 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The meridional overturning circulation of the Indian Ocean has been the subject of a number of recent papers [Fu, 1986;Toole and Warren, 1993;Robbins and Toolc, 1997; Macdonald, 1998; Lee and Marotzkc, 19972 1998; Zhang and Marotzke, 1999]. Although the meridional overturning rate and structure are a basic descriptive feature of the general circulation as well as a determinant of the heat and other property fluxes, there remains significant disagreement about both its qualitative and quantitative features in the Indian Ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meridional overturning and large‐scale circulation of the Indian Ocean

Ganachaud¹,

Wunsch²,

Marotzke³

et al. 2000

J. Geophys. Res.

106

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meridional overturning and large‐scale circulation of the Indian Ocean

Ganachaud¹,

Wunsch²,

Marotzke³

et al. 2000

J. Geophys. Res.

106

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“…The historical data are the same as those used by Mantyla and Reid [1995] and You [1997] and include data from the International Indian Ocean Expedition (IIOE) [Wyrtki, 1971], the Geochemical Ocean Sections Study (GEOSECS) [Weiss et al, 1983], etc. The more recent data include Charles Darwin cruise 29 (CD29) data [Cook et al, 1992;Toole and Warren, 1993] and section data from the southwest Indian Ocean [Pollard et al, 1987]. A significant amount of recent French cruise data is also included.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, CDW can be identified by its relatively high salinity and oxygen and low nutrients [Wyrtki, 1971]. Toole and Warren [1993] suggested that the northward transit of CDW is through the Mozambique Basin, Madagascar Basin, Central Indian Basin, Perth Basin, and the West Australian Basin but could not give details of the northernmost extension of the water.…”

Section: Cdw In the Southern Ocean Lies In The Northern Subantarcticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications of the deep circulation and ventilation of the Indian Ocean on the renewal mechanism of North Atlantic Deep Water

You¹

2000

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. In the Indian Ocean sector of the "great ocean conveyor" scheme the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) replacement is realized by the transformation of the sinking Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) from the Southern Ocean to a prevailingly upward flow in the northern Indian Ocean. This water -mass transformation scenario has been studied by using hydrographic data including potential temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients in a water -mass mixing model and by calculation of dianeutral velocity. The model comprises a mixing system of three major deep water masses, NADW, CDW, and North Indian Deep Water. This third water mass is introduced as a virtual water mass to represent the aged CDW. The assumption is feasible as the artificial water mass can be eliminated on the deepest otv=28.12 neutral surface, characterized by isopycnal mixing. The experiment is fulfilled when a conservative variable, initial phosphate PO4 ø, is introduced and all conservative parameters are used in the mixing scheme. The o•=28.12 surface provides a major isopycnal transition path of CDW to the northern Indian Ocean, and thus CDW is transformed to an upward flow. Dominant dianeutral upwelling is detected on all four neutral surfaces north of 30øS, showing increasingly strong dianeutral velocity toward shallower surfaces. With the water -mass mixing pattern and spreading path, dianeutral circulation, and dynamical information of the acceleration potential (10 m 2 s -2) mapped on neutral surfaces a schematic of deep water circulation and ventilation of the Indian Ocean emerges from this study.

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“…As such, it is not a ''boundary current'' proper because the ridge only constrains water masses at 3000-4000 m directly by topography. The boundary current of CDW extends along the eastern flank of the CIR [Toole and Warren, 1993]. By contrast, background waters at the Kairei vent field itself (Figure 2b) appear to represent the increased Figure 3a displays a CTD profile from upcast 1, taken at the start of the time series.…”

Section: Background Hydrologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variability of the hydrothermal plume above the Kairei vent field, 25°S, Central Indian Ridge

Rudnicki

German

2002

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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[1] Continuous profiling of the nonbuoyant plume above a hydrothermal vent site can be used to determine the interaction between the plume formed by venting high-temperature fluids and changing background temperature, salinity, and current fields over a tidal cycle. We have conducted a 12-hour monitoring of the nonbuoyant plume above the Kairei vent field, 25°S, Central Indian Ridge. The depth of the plume particle maximum varies significantly in the water column, from 2150 m to >2350 m, but remains strongly associated with the s 2 = 36.987 potential density isopycnal. We have used the interaction between two unrelated physical oceanographic phenomena to isolate the section of the time series record most suitable for determining the heat flux of the Kairei source on the basis of the rise height of the plume to neutral buoyancy. At the start of the time series, internal waves are observed with a period similar to the calculated buoyancy period N À1 , about 3 hours; no consistent relationship is observed between the rise height of the plume and the calculated heat flux. For the last 6 hours of the time series, isopycnal surfaces are compressed above a strongly developed nonbuoyant plume such that the calculated buoyancy period is less than that of the internal waves. A more constant heat flux can be calculated, on the basis of the plume rise height, from this part of the record.

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A hydrographic section across the subtropical South Indian Ocean

Cited by 245 publications

References 53 publications

Meridional overturning and large‐scale circulation of the Indian Ocean

Meridional overturning and large‐scale circulation of the Indian Ocean

Implications of the deep circulation and ventilation of the Indian Ocean on the renewal mechanism of North Atlantic Deep Water

Temporal variability of the hydrothermal plume above the Kairei vent field, 25°S, Central Indian Ridge

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