“…To meet the requirements of new generation lithium ion batteries, a series of cathode materials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] and anode materials [9][10][11] have been extensively investigated for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Transition metal oxides (TMOs), such as CoO x [12][13][14][15][16][17], CuO [18][19][20][21][22], SnOx [23][24][25], MnOx [26,27], CoMn 2 O 4 [28,29], ZnMn 2 O 4 [30] and MnCo 2 O 4 [31], have been widely studied as promising alternative anode materials for replacing the graphite used in LIBs for their high theoretical capacities.…”