A<i>FLOWERING LOCUS T</i>ortholog is associated with photoperiod-insensitive flowering in hemp (<i>Cannabis sativa</i>L.)

Dowling, Caroline A.; Shi, Jiaqi; Toth, Jacob A.; Quade, Michael A; Smart, Lawrence B.; McCabe, Paul F.; Melzer, Rainer; Schilling, Susanne

doi:10.1101/2023.04.21.537862

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Like most crops, multiple flowering time QTLs likely shaped cannabis domestication. Recently, a second auto‐flowering QTL ( Autoflowering2 ) was reported in hemp, caused by a gene duplication in FT (Dowling et al., 2023). Further research will be needed to determine how pervasive Autoflowering1 and 2 are in natural populations and whether these QTLs developed after drug‐type and hemp cannabis diverged.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of daylength sensitivity by splice site mutation in Cannabis pseudo‐response regulator

Leckie,

Sawler,

Kapos

et al. 2024

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYPhotoperiod insensitivity (auto‐flowering) in drug‐type Cannabis sativa circumvents the need for short day (SD) flowering requirements making outdoor cultivation in high latitudes possible. However, the benefits of photoperiod insensitivity are counterbalanced by low cannabinoid content and poor flower quality in auto‐flowering genotypes. Despite recent studies in cannabis flowering, a mechanistic understanding of photoperiod insensitivity is still lacking. We used a combination of genome‐wide association study and genetic fine‐mapping to identify the genetic cause of auto‐flowering in cannabis. We then used gene expression analyses and transient transformation assays to characterize flowering time control. Herein, we identify a splice site mutation within circadian clock gene PSEUDO‐RESPONSE REGULATOR 37 (CsPRR37) in auto‐flowering cannabis. We show that CsPRR37 represses FT expression and its circadian oscillations transition to a less repressive state during SD as compared to long days (LD). We identify several key circadian clock genes whose expression is altered in auto‐flowering cannabis, particularly under non‐inductive LD. Research into the pervasiveness of this mutation and others affecting flowering time will help elucidate cannabis domestication history and advance cannabis breeding toward a more sustainable outdoor cultivation system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of daylength sensitivity by splice site mutation in Cannabis pseudo‐response regulator

Leckie,

Sawler,

Kapos

et al. 2024

The Plant Journal

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“…Cannabis CONSTANS-like genes have been identified, and in fact there are at least 13 expressed CONSTANS-like genes 15 . In cannabis, florigen-like, PRR37-like, and SOC1-like genes have also been identified 12,16 . In this paper, we present experimental data which characterizes the expression patterns of these genes, their responsiveness to phytochrome via manipulation of the ratio of red to far red light, and the resulting impact on phenotype and chemotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the expression patterns of short-day flowering genes, the manipulation of their expression using red-far red wavelengths, and the resulting phenotype/ chemotype inCannabis sativa

Haiden

2024

Preprint

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Cannabis is a short day (SD) plant whose inflorescences produce valuable medicines. By studying the mechanisms of photoperiodic flowering initiation in cannabis, we may develop new methods of improving cultivation. In SD plants, CONSTANS, which is enhanced by CDL gated proteins that are expressed during short days, acts as a bifunctional regulator of flower inhibition or genesis via FT (florigen). These genes are downstream of phytochrome, which may be activated by horticultural lighting conditions like red (R, 660nm) to far red (FR, 700+nm) wavelength ratios. This study demonstrates that gene expression can be manipulated using high and low R:FR ratios, and characterizes the expression levels of CONSTANS, FT, PRR37, and SOC1 in cannabis over the first 14 short days. It also demonstrates the resulting effect on cannabinoid production and biomass yields.

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Cannabis Expression Atlas: a comprehensive resource for integrative analysis ofCannabis sativaL. gene expression

Barbosa-Xavier,

Pedrosa-Silva,

Almeida-Silva

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Cannabis sativa L., a plant originating from Central Asia, is a versatile crop with applications spanning textiles, construction, pharmaceuticals, and food products. This study aimed to compile and analyze publicly available Cannabis RNA-Seq data and develop an integrated database tool to help advance Cannabis research in various topics such as fiber production, cannabinoid biosynthesis, sex determination, and plant development. We identified 515 publicly available RNA-Seq samples that, after stringent quality control, resulted in a high-quality dataset of 394 samples. Utilizing the Jamaican Lion genome as reference, we constructed a comprehensive database and developed the Cannabis Expression Atlas (https://cannatlas.venanciogroup.uenf.br/), a web application for visualization of gene expression, annotation, and functional classification. Key findings include the quantification of 27,640 Cannabis genes and their classification into seven expression categories: not-expressed, low-expressed, housekeeping, tissue-specific, group-enriched, mixed, and expressed-in-all tissues. The study revealed substantial variability and coherence in gene expression across different tissues and chemotypes. We found 2,382 tissue-specific genes, including 177 transcription factors. . The Cannabis Expression Atlas constitutes a valuable tool for exploring gene expression patterns and offers insights into Cannabis biology, supporting research in plant breeding, genetic engineering, biochemistry, and functional genomics.

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AFLOWERING LOCUS Tortholog is associated with photoperiod-insensitive flowering in hemp (Cannabis sativaL.)

Cited by 7 publications

References 123 publications

Loss of daylength sensitivity by splice site mutation in Cannabis pseudo‐response regulator

Loss of daylength sensitivity by splice site mutation in Cannabis pseudo‐response regulator

Characterizing the expression patterns of short-day flowering genes, the manipulation of their expression using red-far red wavelengths, and the resulting phenotype/ chemotype inCannabis sativa

Cannabis Expression Atlas: a comprehensive resource for integrative analysis ofCannabis sativaL. gene expression

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