A Joint Sensor Based Backstepping Approach For Fault-Tolerant Flight Control of a Large Civil Aircraft

Information fusion estimation–based flight control of a nonlinear jumbo jet under wind disturbance

“…PID control method is generally applied in the AFCS of jumbo jets. 1,2 Many types of control methods have been applied in civil aircraft, such as robust gain-scheduled control-based fault-tolerant control (FTC), 3 sliding-mode-based FTC, 4,5 LQG/loop-transfer-recovery-based active control, 6 robust optimal adaptive flight control, 7 adaptive gain-scheduled flight control, 8 attitude control based on dynamic inversion and multiobjective optimization, 9 adaptive control-based structural damage FTC, 10 disturbance observer-based dynamic surface flight control, 11 backstepping-based FTC, 12 optimal control-based model following FTC, 13 H 2 ∕H ∞ and dynamic inversion-based landing control, 14 and model predictive control-based attitude angles protection. 15 These methods *Nomenclature: δ e , δ a , δ r , and δ T , Elevator, aileron, rudder, and throttle opening angles; V, α, and β, airspeed, angles of attack, and sideslip; μ and φ, bank angle and azimuth angle of flight path; x, y, and z, spatial location variables; θ, ϕ, and ψ, pitch, roll, and yaw angles; p, q, and r, roll, pitch, and yaw rates; u, v, and w, body-axis velocity components; u w , v w , and w w , body-axis components of wind speed; A x , A y , and A z , axial, side, and normal aerodynamic forces;L A , M A , N A , and M T , roll, pitch, and yaw aerodynamic moments; L, Y, and D, lift, yaw, and drag forces; G xa , G ya , and G za , gravity components in the air-path axis system; T and M T , engine thrust and its moment.…”

“…PID control method is generally applied in the AFCS of jumbo jets. () Many types of control methods have been applied in civil aircraft, such as robust gain‐scheduled control‐based fault‐tolerant control (FTC), sliding‐mode‐based FTC,() LQG/loop‐transfer‐recovery–based active control, robust optimal adaptive flight control, adaptive gain‐scheduled flight control, attitude control based on dynamic inversion and multiobjective optimization, adaptive control–based structural damage FTC, disturbance observer–based dynamic surface flight control, backstepping‐based FTC, optimal control–based model following FTC, and dynamic inversion–based landing control, and model predictive control–based attitude angles protection . These methods improve the tracking performance, robustness to parametric uncertainties, and reliability of the AFCS of civil aircraft, as compared with engineering control methods such as PID control.…”