A kiégés előfordulása szociális munkások körében

Abstract

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Napjaink egyik legszélesebb körben emlegetett jelensége a kiégés (burnout), mely a leggyakrabban a segítő szakmákban dolgozókat érinti. Célkitűzés: Munkánk célja a kiégés jelenségének komplex vizsgálata szociális munkások körében. Módszerek: A demográfiai adatok felvétele mellett a kiégés vizsgálatához a Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) kérdőívet használtuk, a kognitív/viselkedésbeli hibákat, diszfunkcionális elvárásokat pedig a Diszfunkcionális Attitűd Skála (DAS) segítségével térképeztük fel. A hangulatzavar kimutatásához a Beck Depresszió Kérdőív rövidített változatát alkalmaztuk, továbbá az Erőfeszítés–Jutalom Egyensúlytalanság Kérdőív és a Társas Támogatás Kérdőív is kitöltésre került. Eredmények: Összesen 300 fő töltötte ki a kérdőívet: 106 férfi, 194 nő. A munkavállalók döntően a fiatal/középkorú korcsoporthoz tartoznak, a 26–45 év közöttiek aránya 52,2%. Az átlagos kiégési pontszám 53,9 (SD = 18,7) volt, melyből 105 fő (35,1%) alacsony, 182 fő közepes (60,6%) és 13 fő (4,3%) súlyos kiégéssel érintett. A multivariációs analízis során a női nem (OR: 5,857), az életkor (OR: 4,126), a munkában eltöltött évek (OR: 2,721), a sokgyermekes család (OR: 2,861) és a társas támogatás hiánya (OR: 2,81) bizonyultak a kiégés független rizikótényezőinek (p<0,05 minden esetben). A depresszió és a kiégés (p<0,001), valamint a diszfunkcionális attitűdök és a kiégés között pozitív kapcsolat igazolódott (korrelációs együttható = 0,316; p<0,001). Következtetés: Eredményeink alapján a szociális munkások jelentős része közepes fokú kiégésben, 5%-uk pedig súlyos fokú kiégésben szenved. A kiégésnek vannak befolyásolható (munkahelyi attitűdök, társas támogatás) és nem befolyásolható (életkor, nem, család) tényezői, melyeket az esetleges prevenciós, illetve intervenciós beavatkozások során figyelembe kell venni. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(44): 1884–1890. Summary. Introduction: Burnout is increasingly prevalent mainly involving employees working in the social sphere. Objective: The aim of our study was to examine the complexity of burnout among social workers. Methods: Baseline demographic data were recorded. Burnout was assessed by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the intensities of dysfunctional attitudes were also studied. Depression was detected by the abbreviated version of the Beck Depression Questionnaire, furthermore social supports and effort–reward imbalance were also examined. Results: Overall 300 employees participated in our study. Age group distribution was young/middle-aged access, the vast majority of the workers was between 25 and 45 years. The mean burnout scale was 53.9 (SD = 18.7), 105 workers had mild (35.1%), 182 moderate (60.6%) and 13 severe (4.3%) burnout. In a multivariate analysis, the female gender (OR: 5.857), the age (OR: 4.126), the years spent with working (OR: 2.721), the number of children (>3) (OR: 2.861) and the lack of social support (OR: 2.81) were independently associated with burnout (p<0.05 in all cases). There was a significant association among burnout, depression and dysfunctional attitudes. Conclusion: The vast majority of our social workers suffered from moderate and a small, but a significant proportion from severe burnout. Our work draws attention to the modifiable and unmodifiable risk factors of burnout in this population, which may help in the development of preventive strategies. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(44): 1884–1890.

Stress and Burnout Among Social Workers in The VUCA world of COVID-19 Pandemic

“…Our findings suggest that burnout is indeed a serious problem for social workers today, with a quarter of the sample investigated (N=83) affected by high levels of burnout (25.3%), nearly one half (44.6%) scored in a range that indicate a medium / moderate level of burnout and almost one third (30.1%) reported low levels of burnout. In line with our study, in the range of moderate to high and severe levels of burnout are reported about 60% of social workers [30,32], even before the pandemic outbreak. A study that examined COVID-19 related peritraumatic distress (the physiological and/or emotional distress experienced by an individual during a traumatic event) among child welfare workers (N=1996) in US indicating that nearly half of all participants (46.4%) scored in a range indicating mild or severe peritraumatic distress that may lead to professional burnout as the authors state [4].…”

“…The main stressors related to the work environment identified in our study and found in other studies are: increased workload [18,26,27,31,48], lack of material / financial resources to support more beneficiaries, new rules and decisions at national level [10,27] associated with inconsistency, instability, ambiguity of decisions, sudden changes or even their absence or non-assumption at the managerial level [27,30], lack of clarity of working procedures [10,26]; lack of support from the management of the institution [26,31,[48][49][50]. High job demands and low resources are known to be the primary reasons for burnout [51].…”

“…Burnout refers specifically to phenomena in the occupational context and should not be applied to describe experiences in other areas of life" [25]. Previous research has shown that social workers are a profession at high risk for developing the burnout syndrome [18,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. A quantitative study of Siebert (2005) found that 75% of the social work participants (N = 751) reported experiencing burnout at some point during their social work career.…”

“…Comprehensive reviews of the burnout literature have consistently suggested that among the stressors that have been associated with the social workers' burnout are the high number of caseloads, limited supervisory support, working with clients with complex social situations [31], the years spent with working, the lacking or little social support from managers and colleagues [30], lower self-efficacy [34], higher levels of role-related stress such as high role conflict, role ambiguity, and role overload [26,35].…”

Job Stress and Burnout among Social Workers in the VUCA World of COVID-19 Pandemic

“…Previous research has shown that social workers are a profession at high risk for developing burnout syndrome [37,[43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. For the employees who work in this field, studies have repeatedly shown that those experiencing burnout have undergone long periods of work-related stress and job demands [50].…”