A Kinetic Investigation of the Pulverized Okra Pod Induced Coag-Flocculation in Treatment of Paint Wastewater

Okolo, B. I.; Nnaji, P.C.; Menkiti, Matthew Chukwudi; Onukwuli, Okechukwu Dominic

doi:10.4236/ajac.2015.67059

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In a study conducted by Beltrán-Heredia et al 87 , the proteinic—cationic characteristics of M. oleifera , according to the authors, may indicate improvement of the coagulant activity at a low pH of 4 where the efficiency was decreased from pH 4–10; they observed a similar result for a tannin-based coagulant were a swift decrease was seen. The optimum pH (4) reported for PNSC seems to support other findings reported about green biocoagulants in published works of Menkiti and Ejimofor 62 , Ejimofor et al 88 , and Okolo et al 89 . Considering the increase in PNSC-driven TD and TSS removal efficiency, the authors reasoned that the pH window had a significant antagonistic effect on the sorption capacity of PNSC compliance with AQEF.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Purification of aquaculture effluent using Picralima nitida seeds

Igwegbe

Ovuoraye

Białowiec

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Aquaculture effluent treatment is essential to eliminate the undesirable characteristics of water to ensure cleaner production and environmental sustainability. In an effort to develop green coagulant without compromising cost, this research investigated the feasibility of aquaculture effluent (AQEF) pollutant removal using Picralima nitida seeds extract (PNSC) and its bio-coagulation/adsorption kinetic characteristics with the substrate in water. The coagulative decrease was observed in terms of TD (turbidity), TSS (total suspended solids), COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), and COLR (color) from AQEF. The active coagulant was extracted from the seeds and analyzed for its spectral and morphological characteristics through FTIR and SEM. The influence of PNSC dosage (0.10–0.50 g L−1), pH (2–10), settling time (0–60 min), and temperature (303–323 K) on the removal of contaminants were surveyed. The process kinetics of coagulation–flocculation were also explored. Maximal TD reduction of 90.35%, COD (82.11%), BOD (82.38%); TSS (88.84%), and COLR (65.77%) at 0.2 g PNSC L−1, pH 4, and 303 K was achieved. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests proved that pH, temperature, and settling time had a significant effect on pollutant removal. Results fitted Von Smoluchowski’s perikinetics theory at the optimum conditions, which gave R2 > 0.900. At perikinetics circumstances, the Kb (reaction rate) and $${t}_{f\frac{1}{2}}$$ t f 1 2 (half-life) correspond to 0.0635 Lg−1 min−1 and 1.9 min. More so, sorption results fitted the Lagergren over the Ho model. Additionally, the net cost of using PNSC to handle 1 L of AQEF (including electricity, material, and labor costs) was evaluated to be €4.81. Overall, the PNSC appears reliable and useful in pretreating AQEF for improved biodegradability and superior effluent quality.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Purification of aquaculture effluent using Picralima nitida seeds

Igwegbe

Ovuoraye

Białowiec

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…The okra powder being rich in proteins and polysaccharides act as a promising flocculation agent. Analysis shows DOP contain 13-25% crude protein and about 35-45% of carbohydrates (Okolo et al 2015). In their separate studies, De Jesus et al…”

Section: Effect Of Coagulating Agent In Treating Cajmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The flip side of the process is long clarification time, i.e., more than 8 h (Cormier 2008). As reported by several researchers, dried okra pod powder (DOP) and dried drumstick seed powder (DDSP) showed promising results as bio coagulants (Okolo et al 2015). However, there is no literature available on the use of DOP and DDSP to treat CAJ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of thermal and non-thermal processing on astringency reduction and nutrient retention in cashew apple fruit and its juice

2020

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The present study is aimed at evaluating the effect of different processing techniques on astringency reduction, nutrient retention, and sensory attributes in cashew apple fruit and its juice. Astringency attribute was measured by tannin content, while nutrition profile by ascorbic acid, total sugars, and antioxidant activity. Hot water, steaming, and microwave were selected as the source of heat application for treating whole fruit, where the process variables were the temperature and exposure time. The non-thermal technique selected to treat juice was by using bio coagulants, i.e., dried okra pod and drumstick seed powder, where the independent parameters were concentration and settling time. The processes were optimized using a multivariate approach coupled with full factorial design. The obtained results indicated that samples, with 42.6% tannin removal, were rated as being the least astringent. The use of dried okra pod powder under optimal conditions (0.3% concentration, 0.5 h settling time) was found to be the best in reducing astringency while retaining the nutrient and desirable sensory attributes. Maximum tannin removal (48.9 ± 1.6%) with minimum loss of ascorbic acid (8.1 ± 0.9%), total sugar (4.8 ± 0.5%) and antioxidant activity (11.1 ± 1.0) with high sensory score (92.7 ± 1.6%) was achieved with composite desirability of 0.85. Keywords Astringency Á Bio coagulant Á Cashew apple fruit Á Cashew apple juice Á Heat treatment Á Tannins Abbreviations CAF Cashew apple fruit CAJ Cashew apple juice DOP Dried okra pod powder DDSP Dried drumstick seed powder HWT Hot water treated HT Steam treated MW Microwave treated A A Ascorbic acid (g/100 ml) AO A Antioxidant activity C n Concentration (%, g/100 ml) P S Particle size (lm) S t Settling time (h) TPC Total phenol (g/100 ml) T nTannin content (g/100 ml) T S Total sugar (g/100 ml)

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“…The coagulation experiment was carried out using a standard Jar test setup. Following the method of Okolo et al [6], varying doses (1, 2,3, 4, and 5g/l) were dosed into five beakers of 1000ml of Abattoir wastewater at its initial pH and ambient temperature. The wastewater and coagulants were stirred for 2 minutes at 250rpm for rapid mixing and 20 minutes at 30rpm for slow mixing, using a magnetic stirrer.…”

Section: Effect Of Variation Of Coagulant Dosagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cost of the imported chemicals can be an issue for developing countries [4]. This has led to increased interest in the development of natural coagulants such as peanut [4], Moringa Oleifera [1,5], Okra pod [6], cottonseed [2], Brachystegia Eurycoma extract [7], Beans extract [8], Garcinia kola Seeds [9]. These natural coagulants have the advantage of being cost-effective, readily available, highly biodegradable and producing minimal residue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics Studies on the Coagulation of Abattoir Wastewater Using Groundnut Shell Extract as a Natural Coagulant

Nweke

Chukwuma

Evbuomwan

et al. 2021

JERR

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This paper investigated the use of extract from groundnut shells as a natural coagulant for the reduction of turbidity in abattoir wastewater using the coagulation process. The ideal concentration of NaCl for coagulant extraction was established through a series of jar tests. The effects of process variables of coagulant dosage (1-5 g/L), settling time (0-60 min), pH (2-10) and temperature (298-318 K) on the turbidity reduction efficiency were examined using a bench-scale jar test. At an optimal condition of 4g/L, pH 8, temperature of 318K, and settling period of 20 minutes, a reduction efficiency of 94.33% was achieved. The Second-order per-kinetic theory of Von-Smoluchowski’s was used for kinetic evaluation at temperatures of 298 K, 308 K and 318 K. At a temperature of 298 K, the experimental data fit perfectly into the Von-Smoluchowski second-order per-kinetics theory, with a correlation coefficient of 0.952, coagulation rate constant of 0.00002 L/(mg.min), collision efficiency of 8.703exp12 and coagulation time of 48.27 min, establishing that the rapid coagulation theory holds true for the coagulation of abattoir wastewater using groundnut shell extract and under the experimental conditions. As a result of the findings, it is proposed that groundnut shell extract, which is readily available and environmentally safe, is effective for turbidity reduction of sewage water and can be used as an alternative to chemical coagulants for the pre-treatment of abattoir wastewater.

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A Kinetic Investigation of the Pulverized Okra Pod Induced Coag-Flocculation in Treatment of Paint Wastewater

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Purification of aquaculture effluent using Picralima nitida seeds

Purification of aquaculture effluent using Picralima nitida seeds

Effect of thermal and non-thermal processing on astringency reduction and nutrient retention in cashew apple fruit and its juice

Kinetics Studies on the Coagulation of Abattoir Wastewater Using Groundnut Shell Extract as a Natural Coagulant

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