A kinetic model for the prediction of no emissions from staged combustion of pulverized coal

Förtsch, Dieter; Kluger, Frank; Schnell, Uwe; Spliethoff, Hartmut; Hein, K. R. G.

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(98)80164-1

Cited by 50 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The composition of the pyrolysis product as well as the distribution of coal nitrogen within the pyrolysis products is predicted using the functional-group, depolymerization, vaporization, crosslinking (FG-DVC) model 25 in a pre-processing step. 24 Char nitrogen is assumed to be released as the primary product NH 3 during char burnout. To simulate biomass combustion, a model of evaporation of moisture in biomass is used.…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corresponding rate parameters are A i = 4.47 × 10 −7 kmol m −2 s −1 Pa −1 and E i = 9.65 × 10 3 K for soot and A i = 4.18 × 10 −4 kmol m −2 s −1 Pa −1 and E i = 1.75 × 10 4 K for char. 24 In the present work, seven additional gas species (NH 3 , HCN, NO, SO, SO 2 , SO 3 , and H 2 S) over the eight originally existing gas species in AIOLOS (O 2 , CO, CO 2 , CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , H 2 , H 2 O, and N 2 ) were supplemented into the AIOLOS program. Transport equations for these species are to be solved, and the concentration distribution of the species is obtained.…”

Section: Numerical Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detailed Modeling of NO_x and SO_x Formation in Co-combustion of Coal and Biomass with Reduced Kinetics

Wei

Guo

et al. 2012

Energy Fuels

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In the paper, the numerical simulation program coupled with the detailed chemical reaction mechanism and computational fluid dynamics software was applied to calculate the concentration profiles of CO, NO x , and SO x during cocombustion of coal and biomass. The predicted data are compared to experimental results in an entrained flow combustion reactor to validate the numerical method for pulverized coal combustion. The characteristics of pollutant emissions in cocombustion with coal and three typical kinds of biomasses (Swedish wood, Danish straw, and sewage sludge) are also investigated. NO formation is significantly affected by the reactor temperature, and an increasing temperature obviously enhances the NO concentration. In the range of the calculated temperature, the final SO 2 emission level is not obviously influenced by the temperature. Co-combustion technology could effectively reduce the pollutant emissions, and the effect is proportional to the blending ratio of biomass. The biomass with low contents of nitrogen and sulfur and a high volatile content and lower heating value is an ideal co-fired fuel to reduce NO and SO 2 emissions.

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Section: Numerical Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Numerical Simulation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed Modeling of NO_x and SO_x Formation in Co-combustion of Coal and Biomass with Reduced Kinetics

Wei

Guo

et al. 2012

Energy Fuels

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“…The gas phase stoichiometric ratio is the index which focuses on the amount of fuel components moving from the solid phase to the gas phase. We define the gas phase stoichiometric ratio (SRgas) by Equation (2): SRgas = amount of fuel required for stoichiometric combustion/amount of gasified fuel (2) Here, the amount of gasified fuel means both the amount of fuel that has moved from the solid phase to the gas phase by pyrolysis, oxidation, and gasification reactions, and, the amount of gas and liquid fuel supplied to the combustible mixture. We do not consider the fuel components which are left in the solid phase.…”

Section: The Relationship Between Gas Phase Stoichiometric Ratio Srgmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low NO x combustion technologies have included two-stage combustion [2], re-burning [2,3], and in-flame NO x reduction by using a low-NO x burner [1,4]. A feature which is common to all these technologies is that the NO x reduction region was formed in the flame where the oxygen concentration was very low [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of the NOx Reaction Model for Development of Low-NOx Combustion Technology for Pulverized Coals by Using the Gas Phase Stoichiometric Ratio Index

Taniguchi¹,

Kamikawa²,

Shibata³

et al. 2011

Energies

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Abstract:We previously proposed the gas phase stoichiometric ratio (SRgas) as an index to evaluate NO x concentration in fuel-rich flames. The SRgas index was defined as the amount of fuel required for stoichiometric combustion/amount of gasified fuel, where the amount of gasified fuel was the amount of fuel which had been released to the gas phase by pyrolysis, oxidation and gasification reactions. In the present study we found that SRgas was a good index to consider the gas phase reaction mechanism in fuel-rich pulverized coal flames. When SRgas < 1.0, NO x concentration was strongly influenced by the SRgas value. NO x concentration was also calculated by using a reaction model. The model was verified for various coals, particle diameters, reaction times, and initial oxygen concentrations. The most important reactions were gas phase NO x reduction reactions by hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbon concentration was estimated based on SRgas. We also investigated the ratio as an index to develop a new low-NO x combustion technology for pulverized coals. We examined the relation between local SRgas distribution in the fuel-rich region in the low-NO x flame and NO x emissions at the furnace exit, by varying burner structures. The relationship between local SRgas value and local NO x concentration was also examined. When a low-NO x type burner was used, the value of SRgas in the flame was readily decreased. When the local SRgas value was the same, it was difficult to influence the local OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2011, 4 546 NO x concentration by changing the burner structure. For staged combustion, the most important item was to design the burner structure and arrangement so that SRgas could be lowered as much as possible just before mixing with staged air.

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“…The term NO x refers to the sum of seven main compounds [5]. The molecular nitrogen (N 2 ) of the combustion air and the fuel-bound organic nitrogen are being based as causal sources for the formation of NO x [63][64][65][66][67]. The total amount of NO x emissions resulting from solid-fuel combustion can be described by the summation of the three main identified reaction pathways [6].…”

Section: No X Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictions of NOx emissions in pulverized coal combustion.

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A kinetic model for the prediction of no emissions from staged combustion of pulverized coal

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

Detailed Modeling of NO_x and SO_x Formation in Co-combustion of Coal and Biomass with Reduced Kinetics

Detailed Modeling of NO_x and SO_x Formation in Co-combustion of Coal and Biomass with Reduced Kinetics

Application of the NOx Reaction Model for Development of Low-NOx Combustion Technology for Pulverized Coals by Using the Gas Phase Stoichiometric Ratio Index

Predictions of NOx emissions in pulverized coal combustion.

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A kinetic model for the prediction of no emissions from staged combustion of pulverized coal

Cited by 50 publications

References 13 publications

Detailed Modeling of NOx and SOx Formation in Co-combustion of Coal and Biomass with Reduced Kinetics

Detailed Modeling of NOx and SOx Formation in Co-combustion of Coal and Biomass with Reduced Kinetics

Application of the NOx Reaction Model for Development of Low-NOx Combustion Technology for Pulverized Coals by Using the Gas Phase Stoichiometric Ratio Index

Predictions of NOx emissions in pulverized coal combustion.

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Detailed Modeling of NO_x and SO_x Formation in Co-combustion of Coal and Biomass with Reduced Kinetics

Detailed Modeling of NO_x and SO_x Formation in Co-combustion of Coal and Biomass with Reduced Kinetics