A kinetic model of the peirce-smith converter: Part I. Model formulation and validation

Kyllo, A. K.; Richards, G. G.

doi:10.1007/s11663-998-0027-9

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Kyllo and Richards [32] studied the kinetics of minor elements behavior in the copper converting reaction with their kinetic model based on the industrial operational data of the Peirce-Smith converter. [33,34] They reported that the enrichment of input oxygen reduces the minor element content in the dust. However, the higher temperature operation may offset this tendency.…”

Section: Comparison Of Calculated and Measured Volatilization Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of As, Sb, Bi and Pb volatilization from industrial copper matte during Ar+O2 bubbling

Sohn

Fukunaka

Oishi

et al. 2004

Metall Mater Trans B

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A kinetic study on minor elements removal during copper matte oxidation was designed under the presumptions of low FeO activity and of no fayalite slag formation. Copper matte with a mass fraction of Cu of 59 pct was mixed by Ar gas blowing during preheating. The matte was oxidized at 1523 and 1673 K by bubbling Ar ϩ O 2 gas through a submerged nozzle. The effects of melt temperature and input oxygen content on the oxidation rate of matte and the volatilization rate of minor elements in copper matte are discussed. The competition reaction composed of the oxygen dissolution into matte and SO 2 gas evolution rate results in the preferential oxidation of FeS in copper matte. The desulfurization rate of matte and the volatilization of minor elements in copper matte were primarily controlled by the mass-transfer rate through the gas film boundary layer around rising gas bubbles. The As, Pb, and Bi were significantly removed during Ar gas blowing with the volatilization rates of Bi and Pb markedly increasing with the melt temperature. However, the dependences of the volatilization rates on the input oxygen partial pressure were affected in a complicated way by the effects of the melt temperature and the reduced amount of exhaust gas.

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Section: Comparison Of Calculated and Measured Volatilization Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of As, Sb, Bi and Pb volatilization from industrial copper matte during Ar+O2 bubbling

Sohn

Fukunaka

Oishi

et al. 2004

Metall Mater Trans B

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show abstract

“…The only heat losses from the matte are through the walls and to the slag, both of which are small. Some probable causes of the low predicted temperatures during the copper blow have been discussed in Part I of this article, [1] but a further examination is required. A temperature decrease, as predicted during the copper blow, can be caused by material additions or reduced heat inputs to the bath.…”

Section: Base Copper Converter Chargementioning

confidence: 99%

“…BEFORE applying the mathematical model of the Peirce-Smith converter developed in Part I of this article [1] to an analysis of the process, a sensitivity analysis should be carried out. This is required to determine the magnitude of the effect that model parameters and assumed or poorly characterized variables have on the model predictions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A kinetic model of the Peirce-Smith converter: Part II. Model application and discussion

Kyllo

Richards²

1998

Metall Mater Trans B

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A sensitivity analysis of a kinetics-based model of the Peirce-Smith converter has been carried out, and the model has then been applied to an analysis of copper converter operation. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that only factors relating to the mass-transfer rates have a significant effect on the model predictions. However, even with large changes in diffusivities, the model predictions remain within the error of the plant measurements. The converter analysis indicates that considerable improvements to converter productivity can be made, particularly through changes to gas injection practices.

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“…This process step is referred to as conversion (Liow and Gray 1990;Real et al, 2007). The conversion process used in removing iron and sulphur from matte is a complex phenomenon involving phase interactions, many chemical reactions, associated heat generation, as well as product formation (Kyllo and Richards, 1998a). The PSC is a cylindrical horizontal reactor (circular canal geometry) where air at subsonic velocity (Mach < 1) is injected into matte through submerged lateral tuyeres along the axis of the converter (Gonzalez et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of fluid flow phenomena in Peirce-Smith copper converters and analysis of combined blowing concept

Chibwe¹,

Akdogan²,

Taskinen³

et al. 2015

J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

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SynopsisThis investigation consists of a numerical and physical modelling exercise on flow patterns, mixing, solid-liquid mass transfer, and slag-matte phase distribution in a 0.2-scale cold model of an industrial Peirce-Smith converter (PSC). Water, kerosene, air, and sintered benzoic acid compacts were used to simulate matte, slag, injected gas, and solid additions into the PSC. The 2D and 3D numerical simulations were carried out using volume of fluid (VOF) and realizable k-ε (RKE) turbulence models to account for the multiphase and turbulence nature of the flow respectively. These models were implemented using the commercial computational fluid dynamics numerical code FLUENT. Numerical and physical simulations were able to predict, in agreement, the mixing and dispersion characteristics of the system in relation to various blowing conditions. Measurement of mass transfer indicated that fluid flow in the PSC is stratified. Blowing configurations and slag volume both had significant effects on mixing propagation, wave formation, and splashing.As a potential process alternative to increase conversion efficiency, we propose a combined blowing configuration using top lance and lateral nozzles. The numerical simulations were conducted on combined as well as lateral blowing conditions, and the results of the combined concept are encouraging.

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A kinetic model of the peirce-smith converter: Part I. Model formulation and validation

Cited by 23 publications

References 62 publications

Kinetics of As, Sb, Bi and Pb volatilization from industrial copper matte during Ar+O2 bubbling

Kinetics of As, Sb, Bi and Pb volatilization from industrial copper matte during Ar+O2 bubbling

A kinetic model of the Peirce-Smith converter: Part II. Model application and discussion

Modelling of fluid flow phenomena in Peirce-Smith copper converters and analysis of combined blowing concept

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