A kinetic study of thioether synthesis under influence of ultrasound assisted phase-transfer catalysis conditions

Wang, Maw‐Ling; Rajendran, V.

doi:10.1016/j.molcata.2005.09.026

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In addition, there is no decomposition of phase-transfer catalysts under the experimental conditions. In this work, we found that the k app,1 values with ultrasonic conditions (unconventional method) under the present experimental conditions are higher than those of the silent conditions (conventional method) (Wang & Rajendran, 2006; …”

Section: Effect Of Ultrasonic Power and Frequencymentioning

confidence: 47%

“…Phase transfer catalysis will be of curiosity to anyone working in academia and industry that needs an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Presently, ingenious new analytical and process experimental techniques viz., ultrasound and microwave irradiation assisted PTC transformations (Masuno et al, 2005;Wang & Rajendran, 2006;Wang & Rajendran, 2007a, 2007bWang & Chen, 2008;. Wang & Chen, 2010;Vivekanand & Wang, 2011;Yang & Lin, 2011;Chatti, et al, 2002;Gumaste et al, 2004;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Strategies in Organic Reactions Catalyzed by Phase Transfer Catalysts and Analyzed by Gas Chromatography

Vivekanand¹,

Wang²

2012

Applications of Gas Chromatography

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Section: Effect Of Ultrasonic Power and Frequencymentioning

confidence: 47%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Strategies in Organic Reactions Catalyzed by Phase Transfer Catalysts and Analyzed by Gas Chromatography

Vivekanand¹,

Wang²

2012

Applications of Gas Chromatography

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“…The use of PTC and ultrasound techniques in the area of polymerization has been gaining remarkable consideration in industrial and academic arena because it is a potent and versatile technology which offers several advantages. It has been reported that a combination of PTC and ultrasound condition is a valuable technique to enhance the reaction rate in an organic heterogeneous reactions [51][52][53][54][55][56] and also successfully employed in different polymerization techniques to synthesis polymers [57], homopolymers, block copolymers [58], hydrogels [59] and polymer-inorganic composites, etc. [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonic condition boosts up the rate of phase transfer catalyzed polymerization of acrylonitrile in two-phase system

Marimuthu

Murugesan

2017

Appl Petrochem Res

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An ultrasound condition associated with phasetransfer catalyst (PTC) has great diverse applications in synthesis of various organic and polymeric materials because of its fast reaction and high yield in short period of time. Phase transfer catalyst (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as PTC) extracts the reactive radical anion from aqueous phase and transfer to organic phase whilst ultrasound condition enhances the radical formation; consequently, acrylonitrile was polymerized in ethyl acetate/ water two-phase system at 60 ± 1°C under ultrasound (25 kHz/300 W) and silent condition. The rate of polymerization (R p ) was doubled under ultrasound compare to silent condition. The various experimental parameters such as monomer, initiator, catalyst and temperature, solvent polarity on the rate of polymerization was studied in both conditions. The activation energy (E a ) and other thermodynamic parameters were calculated. The E a value of ultrasound condition supports the enhancement of rate of polymerization. On the basis of observed results, a suitable kinetic model, mechanism and effect of ultrasound in the rate of polymerization were discussed. The obtained polymer was analyzed by TG/DTA and FT-IR. The viscosity average molecular weight of the polymer was found to be 6.8526 9 10 4 g mol -1 .

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“…[8]. Now researchers are more interested to attempt the reaction with the combination of ultrasound and PTC carried in immiscible heterogeneous reaction under mild and environmentally benign methodology to obtain maximum yield or conversion [9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonically Promoted Synthesis of Ethyl 2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)acetate in Solid-Liquid Heterogeneous Phase Transfer Catalysis Condition

Abimannan¹,

Rajendran²

2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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In this paper, the synthesis of ethyl 2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)acetate from β-naphthol and ethyl 2-bromoacetate under ultrasound and catalyzed by quaternary ammonium salt in solid-liquid heterogeneous condition was described. Trace amount of water play a major role in this solid-liquid reaction. The reaction follows pseudo first order rate law. The apparent rate constant of the organic phase reaction was obtained form the experimental data. The combination of small amount of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) and ultrasound (kapp = 25.22×10 -3 min -1 ) shows several fold enhanced rate of the reaction than the conventional operation (kapp = 6.42×10 -3 min -1 for TBAB only). The rate constant increases (0.05 to 0.3 g) with increase in the concentration of catalyst (from kapp = 10.12×10 -3 min -1 to kapp = 34.46×10 -3 min -1 ). The other kinetic effects such as, effect of agitation speed, kind of frequency of ultrasound, kind of various quantity of K2CO3, quantity of water, temperature, different quaternary ammonium salts, solvents and volume of organic solvents on the conversion of ethyl 2-bromoacetate and apparent rate constant were investigated in detail and rational explanations are provided.

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A kinetic study of thioether synthesis under influence of ultrasound assisted phase-transfer catalysis conditions

Cited by 21 publications

References 34 publications

Recent Strategies in Organic Reactions Catalyzed by Phase Transfer Catalysts and Analyzed by Gas Chromatography

Recent Strategies in Organic Reactions Catalyzed by Phase Transfer Catalysts and Analyzed by Gas Chromatography

Ultrasonic condition boosts up the rate of phase transfer catalyzed polymerization of acrylonitrile in two-phase system

Ultrasonically Promoted Synthesis of Ethyl 2-(naphthalen-2-yloxy)acetate in Solid-Liquid Heterogeneous Phase Transfer Catalysis Condition

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