A kinetic treatment of glass formation

Uhlmann, D. R.

doi:10.1016/0022-3093(72)90269-4

Cited by 800 publications

(325 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For ρ = 1.10 g/cm 3 and T = 240 K, we observe only one (out of four) crystallization event within a time of 70 ns. For densities smaller than ρ = 1.10 g/cm 3 , we observe no crystallization events within a time of 60 ns and hence we can only estimate that R c is smaller than 10 9 K/s (the experimental value for water at ambient pressure is R c ≈ 10 7 K/s [18]). …”

Section: Pacs Numbersmentioning

confidence: 68%

Interplay between Time-Temperature Transformation and the Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Water

et al. 2002

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We study the TIP5P water model proposed by Mahoney and Jorgensen, which is closer to real water than previously-proposed classical pairwise additive potentials. We simulate the model in a wide range of deeply supercooled states and find (i) the existence of a non-monotonic "noseshaped" temperature of maximum density line and a non-reentrant spinodal, (ii) the presence of a low temperature phase transition, (iii) the free evolution of bulk water to ice, and (iv) the timetemperature-transformation curves at different densities. PACS numbers:Much effort has been invested in exploring the overall phase diagram of water and the connection among its liquid, supercooled and glassy states [1,2,3], with particular interest in understanding the origin of the striking anomalies at low temperatures, such as the T -dependence of the isothermal compressibility K T , the constant pressure specific heat C P , and the thermal expansivity α P .The "stability limit conjecture" attributes the increase of the response functions upon supercooling to a continuous re-tracing spinodal line bounding the superheated, supercooled and stretched (negative pressure) metastable states [4]. This line at its minimum intersects the temperature of maximum density (TMD) curve tangentially. More recently, a different hypothesis has been developed, for which the spinodal does not re-enter into the positive pressure region, but rather the anomalies are attributed to a critical point below the homogeneous nucleation line [5]. The TMD line, which is negatively sloped at positive pressures, becomes positively sloped at sufficiently negative pressures and does not intersect the spinodal. A line of first order phase transitions -interpreted as the liquid state analog of the line separating low and high density amorphous glassy phases [3,5] -develops from this critical point.Simulations of supercooled metastable states are possible because the structural relaxation time at the temperatures of interest is several orders of magnitude shorter than the crystallization time. It is difficult, but not impossible [6], to observe crystallization in simulations of molecular models [7] because homogeneous nucleation rarely occurs on the time scales reachable by present day computers. Bulk water simulations have been crystallized by applying a homogeneous electric field [8] or placing liquid water in contact with pre-existing ice [9,10], but spontaneous crystallization of deeply supercooled model water has not been observed in simulations.In contrast, experimental measurements of metastable liquid states are strongly affected by homogeneous nucleation. The nucleation and growth of ice particles from aqueous solution has been extensively studied, and the "nose-shaped" time-temperature-transformation (TTT) curves have been measured [1,11,12]. The nonmonotonic relation between crystallization rate and supercooling depth results from the competition between the thermodynamic driving force for nucleation and the kinetics of growth [1]. Crystallization hinders direct experim...

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Section: Pacs Numbersmentioning

confidence: 68%

Interplay between Time-Temperature Transformation and the Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Water

et al. 2002

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“…As the classical nucleation theory 6,7 suggested, the cooling rate is a critical parameter that determines if the alloy could form glassy state. The study on cooling rate and temperature evolution thus becomes important for the study of GFA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of cooling process in bulk metallic glasses fabrication

et al. 2015

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To study the temperature distribution and evolution during bulk metallic glasses fabrication, finite element method was taken to simulate the cooling process in glassy alloys fabricated by water quenching and copper mold casting. The temperature distribution and evolution in different-sized samples in the two methods were successfully reproduced. The result showed that the temperature distribution in the alloy was strongly affected by fabricating method. Two relations were then proposed to estimate the cooling rate in different-sized samples prepared by these two methods. By comparing the reported data of critical size and critical cooling rate, we showed that the reported critical size and critical cooling rate of metallic glasses didn’t follow a heat transfer relation. Those critical-sized glassy alloys actually experienced cooling rates much larger than the critical cooling rates estimated by the classical nucleation theory or experiments on milligram-scaled samples. It results from the increasing degree of heterogeneity with sample size, and therefore a larger sample requires a faster cooling rate to avoid crystallization. This work clearly shows the temperature field evolution in bulk metallic glasses fabrication and reveals that the critical cooling rate of metallic glasses might be size-dependent.

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“…The kinetics of crystallization process is described by the empirical dependence of KolmogorovAvrami [10], which determines the change of crystalline phase fraction X from time t:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallization study of (As2S3)100-x(SbSI)x amorphous films by the optical method

Рубіш¹

2012

Semicond. Phys. Quantum Electron. Optoelectron.

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Abstract. The results of isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization investigations of the (As 2 S 3 ) 100-x (SbSI) x (53≤x≤80) thin films are given. It is shown that the films crystallization is accompanied by a sharp decrease in transmission. The phase structure arising in the matrix of films during crystallization corresponds to the structure of crystalline SbSI. The formation mechanism of nanocrystalline SbSI inclusions in the amorphous matrix is discussed.

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A kinetic treatment of glass formation

Cited by 800 publications

References 13 publications

Interplay between Time-Temperature Transformation and the Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Water

Interplay between Time-Temperature Transformation and the Liquid-Liquid Phase Transition in Water

A study of cooling process in bulk metallic glasses fabrication

Crystallization study of (As2S3)100-x(SbSI)x amorphous films by the optical method

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