A knotted1-Like Homeobox Gene in Arabidopsis Is Expressed in the Vegetative Meristem and Dramatically Alters Leaf Morphology When Overexpressed in Transgenic Plants

Lincoln, Cynthia; Long, Jeffrey C.; Yamaguchi, Judy; Serikawa, Kyle; Hake, Sarah

doi:10.2307/3869913

Cited by 267 publications

(466 citation statements)

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“…RNA in situ hybridization was carried out essentially as described by Lincoln et al (1994). A 950 bp PlCYC fragment was cloned into the vector pGEM3Z, the insert was PCR amplified using M13 universal forward and reverse primers to generate template for RNA probe preparation.…”

Section: Rna In Situ Hybridization and Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of flower shape in Plantago lanceolata

et al. 2009

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Plantago lanceolata produces small actinomorphic (radially symmetric), wind-pollinated flowers that have evolved from a zygomorphic, biotically pollinated ancestral state. To understand the developmental mechanisms that might underlie this change in flower shape, and associated change in pollination syndrome, we analyzed the role of CYC-like genes in P. lanceolata. Related zygomorphic species have two CYC-like genes that are expressed asymmetrically in the dorsal region of young floral meristems and in developing flowers, where they affect the rate of development of dorsal petals and stamens. Plantago has a single CYC-like gene (PlCYC) that is not expressed in early floral meristems and there is no apparent asymmetry in the pattern of PlCYC expression during later flower development. Thus, the evolution of actinomorphy in Plantago correlates with loss of dorsal-specific CYC-like gene function. PlCYC is expressed in the inflorescence stem, in pedicels, and relatively late in stamen development, suggesting a novel role for PlCYC in compacting the inflorescence and retarding stamen elongation in this wind pollinated species.

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Section: Rna In Situ Hybridization and Rt-pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of flower shape in Plantago lanceolata

et al. 2009

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“…These include the class I knotted-like homeobox (KNOX ) genes, which have been implicated as regulators of SAM formation and maintenance in both monocots and dicots (Reiser et al, 2000). In Arabidopsis, class I is comprised of four genes: SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM ), knotted-like from Arabidopsis thaliana (KNAT )1, KNAT2, and KNAT6 (Lincoln et al, 1994;Long et al, 1996;Semiarti et al, 2001). The STM gene is particularly important as mutations in the STM gene result in the lack of SAM formation (Barton and Poethig, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…KNAT1, also known as BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP), and KNAT2 are mainly expressed in the SAM during vegetative growth, and like STM, their expression is downregulated just before the leaf primordia arise (Dockx et al, 1995;Lincoln et al, 1994). Ectopic expression of these two genes results in lobed leaves, ectopic stipules, and occasional ectopic shoots on the adaxial surface of leaves (Chuck et al, 1996;Pautot et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CUC1 gene activates the expression of SAM‐related genes to induce adventitious shoot formation

Hibara

Takada

Tasaka³

2003

The Plant Journal

179

138

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SummaryCUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON (CUC )1 encodes members of the NAC family. These are functionally redundant genes that are involved in shoot apical meristem (SAM) formation and cotyledon separation during embryogenesis in Arabidopsis. We analyzed transgenic plants overexpressing CUC1 (35S::CUC1 ). The cotyledons of these transgenic seedlings regularly had two basal lobes, small and round epidermal cells between the sinuses, and adventitious SAMs on the adaxial surface of this region. This suggests that CUC1 promotes adventitious SAM formation by maintaining epidermal cells in an undifferentiated state. In 35S::CUC1 cotyledons, the class I knotted-like homeobox (KNOX ) genes, including SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM ) and BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP ), which are involved in SAM formation and/or maintenance, were ectopically expressed before adventitious SAM formation. In stm mutants, ectopic expression of CUC1 could not induce adventitious SAMs, whereas they continued to be observed in bp mutants. These results suggest that STM, but not BP, is necessary for the formation of adventitious SAMs in 35S::CUC1 cotyledons. Furthermore, we examined the relationship between CUC1 and ASYMMETRIC LEAVES (AS )1 and AS2. The as1 and as2 mutations genetically enhance 35S::CUC1 phenotypes even in the absence of STM function. Interestingly, the as1 mutation can partially rescue the mutant vegetative development phenotypes in the cuc1 cuc2 double mutant. Our results suggest that CUC1 positively regulates SAM formation not only through STM but also through an STM-independent pathway that is negatively regulated by AS1 and AS2.

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“…A majority of the Arabidopsis plants in the T1-population were stunted and had lobed leaves ( Figure genes KNAT2 and STM ( Figure 2D and Lincoln et al, 1994;Serikawa et al, 1996). In rice, ectopic expression of the GFP-tagged KNOX genes produced similar phenotypes as those observed upon overexpression of the untagged KNOX genes (Postma-Haarsma et al, 1999).…”

Section: Stable Transformation Of Arabidopsis and Rice With Gfp-taggementioning

confidence: 84%

“…Expression in the central zone is shown for KNAT2 and STM from Arabidopsis (Long et al, 1996), kn1 from maize (Jackson et al, 1994) and Oskn1 (or its equivalent in other cultivars, OSH1) from rice (Matsuoka et al, 1993;PostmaHaarsma et al, 1999). Examples of genes showing the peripheral type of expression pattern are KNAT1 from Arabidopsis (Lincoln et al, 1994), rough sheath-1 and liguleless-4 from maize (reviewed by (Reiser et al, 2000) and Oskn2 and Oskn3 (or their equivalents in other cultivars, OSH71 and OSH15) from rice Postma-Haarsma et al, 2002). The differences between these two subclasses are also apparent from phenotypes of loss-of-function mutants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different subcellular localization and trafficking properties of KNOX class 1 homeodomain proteins from rice

et al. 2004

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Genes of the KN1-like homeobox (KNOX) class 1 encode transcription factors involved in shoot apical meristem development and maintenance. We studied the subcellular localization of Green Fluorescent Protein-tagged rice KNOX proteins (Oskn1-3) after particle bombardment of onion and rice cells and after transformation of Arabidopsis and rice with constitutive and inducible expression constructs. In all test systems, the three rice KNOX proteins showed nuclear and cytoplasmic localization patterns. However, Oskn1 additionally showed in some cells a distribution over punctae moving randomly in the cytosol. Use of an inducible expression system indicated a nuclear presence of Oskn1 in cells of the shoot apical meristem and post-transcriptional down-regulation in early leaf primordia. Arabidopsis and rice test systems were used to study effects of plant hormones and auxin transport inhibition on KNOX protein localization. Application of GA 3 or 1-NAA shifted protein localization completely to the cytoplasm and resulted in loss of the punctae formed by Oskn1. Conversely, NPA application induced a complete nuclear localization of the KNOX proteins. To study intercellular movement of the KNOX proteins we set up a novel co-bombardment assay in which trafficking of untagged KNOX proteins was visualized through the co-trafficking of green fluorescent or blue fluorescent marker proteins. In multiple independent experiments Oskn1 trafficked more extensively to neighboring cells than Oskn2 and Oskn3. Differences in the localization and trafficking properties of Oskn1, Oskn2 and Oskn3 correlate with differences in mRNA localization patterns and functional differences between the rice KNOX genes and their putative orthologues from other species.

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A knotted1-Like Homeobox Gene in Arabidopsis Is Expressed in the Vegetative Meristem and Dramatically Alters Leaf Morphology When Overexpressed in Transgenic Plants

Cited by 267 publications

References 0 publications

Evolution of flower shape in Plantago lanceolata

Evolution of flower shape in Plantago lanceolata

CUC1 gene activates the expression of SAM‐related genes to induce adventitious shoot formation

Different subcellular localization and trafficking properties of KNOX class 1 homeodomain proteins from rice

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