Aptamers are well-established biorecognition molecules
used in
a wide variety of applications for the detection of their respective
targets. However, individual SELEX processes typically performed for
the identification of aptamers for each target can be quite time-consuming,
labor-intensive, and costly. An alternative strategy is proposed herein
for the simultaneous identification of different aptamers binding
distinct but structurally similar targets in one single selection.
This one-pot SELEX approach, using the steroids estradiol, progesterone,
and testosterone as model targets, was achieved by combining the benefits
of counter-SELEX with the power of next-generation sequencing and
bioinformatics analysis. The pools from the last stage of the selection
were compared in order to discover sequences with preferential abundance
in only one of the pools. This led to the identification of aptamer
candidates with potential specificity to a single steroid target.
Binding studies demonstrated the high affinity of each selected aptamer
for its respective target, and low nanomolar range dissociation constants
calculated were similar to those previously reported for steroid-binding
aptamers selected using traditional SELEX approaches. Finally, the
selected aptamers were exploited in microtiter plate assays, achieving
nanomolar limits of detection, while the specificity of these aptamers
was also demonstrated. Overall, the one-pot SELEX strategy led to
the discovery of aptamers for three different steroid targets in one
single selection without compromising their affinity or specificity,
demonstrating the power of this approach of aptamer discovery for
the simultaneous selection of aptamers against multiple targets.