A laboratory comparison of clockwise and counter-clockwise rapidly rotating shift schedules: Part I. Sleep.

Cruz, Crystal; Detwiler, Cristy; Nesthus, Thomas E.; Boquet, Albert

doi:10.1037/e442732004-001

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In addition, the Finnish study included more subjects in their analyses even though they only included one quick return. That short recovery periods shorten sleep has been shown in other recent studies (Cruz et al, 2003;Roach et al, 2003), the latter supporting that the relationship between recovery time and sleep duration is affected by time of day. Unfortunately, no sleepiness ratings were reported in these studies.…”

Section: Short Recovery Periodssupporting

confidence: 53%

Long Shifts, Short Rests and Vulnerability to Shift Work

Axelsson¹

2005

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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At the same time as many urban economies are developing into 24-hour societies it is becoming popular amongst shift workers to compress their working hours. This is done by working longer shifts (>8h) and/or restricting free time (<16h) in between shifts -the main reasons are to gain longer bouts of free time and extra free weekends. However, there is a limited knowledge of the effects of such arrangements on sleep and wakefulness. Thus, the main purposes of the present thesis were to evaluate the effects of long working hours (in the form of 12h shifts) and short recovery periods. Another aim was to evaluate possible mechanisms that could suggest why some individuals develop problems with shift work while others do not.We used a combination of methods -sleep diaries, wake diaries, blood samples and objective measures of sleep and cognitive performance -across whole or large parts of shift schedules to evaluate acute effects of particularly demanding working periods, as well as the total effects of a shift cycle. Study I evaluated the effect of changing from an 8h-to a 12h-shift system. Study II evaluated the effects of long shifts in a shift schedule with both 8h-and 12h-shifts. Study III evaluated the effects of several consecutive short recovery periods (8-9h of recovery) and whether satisfaction with ones' work hours was associated to problems with sleep and sleepiness. Study IV evaluated whether endocrinological markers of catabolic (cortisol) and anabolic (testosterone) activity changed across a shift sequence and whether satisfaction were related to them. Study V was a laboratory simulation of the effects of a short recovery period (4h of sleep) and whether a short nap could counteract any detrimental effects.There was no convincing evidence for 12h shifts inducing more problems with sleep and sleepiness than 8h shifts. With regard to recovery time between shifts, the shortest recovery times (only 8h) seriously shortened sleep duration and increased sleepiness, while 12h of recovery (between two consecutive 12h shifts) was judged as having no or limited effects on acute measures. The problems with the shortest recovery periods were worse in a schedule with several consecutive shifts and less pronounced in a schedule with few consecutive shifts. With regard to individual differences, it was found that subjects being dissatisfied with their working hours were vulnerable to short recovery periods, which was evident by less sufficient sleep and an accumulation of sleepiness across work periods with limited recovery time. Interestingly, these problems disappeared when they were allowed to recover after the work period. In addition, dissatisfied male shift workers had lower testosterone levels at the end of work periods, indicating disturbed anabolic activity. The simulated quick return supported that curtailed sleep affected sleepiness and performance and that a short nap could counteract these effects temporarily.It is concluded that long shifts (up to 12h) may be acceptable, whereas short recovery ti...

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Section: Short Recovery Periodssupporting

confidence: 53%

Long Shifts, Short Rests and Vulnerability to Shift Work

Axelsson¹

2005

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…Moreover, studies of shift schedules comparing changes from a slow BRS to a fast FRS revealed improvements in sleep quality and sleep duration after a night shift . However, no evidence of change or increased sleep quality and length during the day as a result of the change to forward rotation has been provided thus far . Similarly, no difference in self-rated sleep, alertness during the shift, or driving performance were observed when comparing workers following forward and backward rotation schedules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8] However, no evidence of change or increased sleep quality and length during the day as a result of the change to forward rotation has been provided thus far. [9][10][11][12][13] Similarly, no difference in self-rated sleep, [14][15][16] alertness during the shift, 16 or driving performance 15,17 were observed when comparing workers following forward and backward rotation schedules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Sleep and Attention Metrics Among Nurses Working Shifts on a Forward- vs Backward-Rotating Schedule

et al. 2021

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IMPORTANCEThe association of fast backward-rotating shift work (ie, anticlockwise sequence of afternoon, morning, and night shifts) with subjective and objective measures of sleep-wake quality, daytime attention, and tiredness of health care workers has not yet been established. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of shift rotation direction with tiredness, sleepiness, and sustained attention among nurses working forward-and backward-rotating shifts. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Data of this cohort study were collected from nurses working at 5 midsized Italian hospitals. The nurses had either a forward-rotating schedule (ie, morning to afternoon to night) and or a backward-rotating schedule (ie, afternoon to morning to night). The data were collected from July 2017 to February 2020. Data analysis was performed from May to October 2020. EXPOSURES Participants were working either forward-or backward-rotating schedules, in which the sequence of 3 shifts (morning, afternoon, and night) changed in a clockwise or anticlockwise direction. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Sleep data were collected using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sustained attention was measured using the Psychomotor Vigilance Task. Tiredness was evaluated using the Tiredness Symptom Scale. RESULTS A total of 144 nurses (mean [SE] age, 41.3 [0.8] years; 92 women [63.9%]) participated in the study; 80 nurses had forward-rotating schedules, and 64 had backward-rotating schedules.Nurses with irregular sleep-wake patterns due to night shift work had poor sleep quality (46 [57.5%] in forward-rotating schedule group; 37 [57.8%] in backward-rotating schedule group). Nurses working backward-rotating shifts exhibited significantly greater sleepiness (F 1,139 = 41.23; P < .001) and cognitive slowing (ie, longer median reaction times; F 1,139 = 42.12; P < .001) than those working forward rotations. Importantly, these differences were not affected by age, years of employment, and quality of sleep. Of nurses working on a backward-rotating schedule, 60 (93.8%) reported elevated sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale score Ն7) after the night shift. The median reaction time (F 1,139 = 42.12; P < .001), 10% fastest reaction time (F 1,139 = 97.07; P < .001), minor lapses (F 1,139 = 46.29; P < .001), and reaction time distribution (F 1,139 = 60.13; P < .001) of nurses on backward-rotating schedules indicated a lower level of vigilance, which is negatively associated with neurobehavioral performance. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCEIn this study, both shift rotation models were negatively associated with health and cognitive performance. These findings suggest that forward shift rotation may be more beneficial than backward rotation for several measured performance attentional (continued) Key Points Question Among hospital staff who work day and night shifts, do sleep and attention metrics vary between those who work forward-vs backwardrotating shifts? Findings This cohort study of 144 nurses found that fast forward-rotating shifts...

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“…Accepted wisdom holds that rapidly rotating backward (counterclockwise) shifts of the kind that controllers work is particularly harmful to health and sleep patterns. However, studies suggest no effects of shift schedule on health (Tucker, Smith, Macdonald, & Folkard, 2000) or sleep disruption (e.g., Cruz, Detwiler, Nesthus, & Boquet, 2002). Some research suggests that adaptability to such shifts has an individual differences component (e.g., Cruz, Della Rocco, & Hackworth, 2000;Natale, Martoni, & Cicogna, 2003).…”

Section: A Biological Look At Workloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Traffic Control

Durso¹,

Manning²

2008

Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics

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Determining how the controller (or air navigation service provider) of the future will function in tomorrow's Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) will require an understanding of the existing literature. In this chapter, after an analysis of the controller's job, we focus on technology, which is an important factor in air traffic control (ATC) today and will become increasingly so in NextGen. We then turn to workload and the extent to which it can be predicted. From human-technology interaction and workload, we move to the multiple facets of cognition thought to underlie these and other aspects of the controller's job. Beyond individual cognition, we review collaboration among controllers and discuss both synchronous cooperation and the cooperative shift change. As we move up the system, we look at error, risk, and safety. Finally, we consider the work on controller selection, covering both "select-in" (KSAOs) and "select-out" (e.g., medical and suitability) factors. For NextGen to be successful, human factors researchers must determine from today's research how the human operator can best function to provide ATC services in the future.

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A laboratory comparison of clockwise and counter-clockwise rapidly rotating shift schedules: Part I. Sleep.

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Long Shifts, Short Rests and Vulnerability to Shift Work

Long Shifts, Short Rests and Vulnerability to Shift Work

Comparison of Sleep and Attention Metrics Among Nurses Working Shifts on a Forward- vs Backward-Rotating Schedule

Air Traffic Control

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