A Laboratory Investigation of the Microbial Degradation of Cultural Heritage

Seves, A.M; Romanó, Maria; Maifreni, Tullia; Seves, Alberto; Scicolone, Giovanna C.; Sora, Silvio; Ciferri, Orio

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4239-1_9

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The mere presence of microorganisms (colonization) in any type of surface does not determine their participation in the biodeterioration process, to be able to specify it, experimental strategies have been developed in the laboratory where traditional supports such as linen cloth prepared with layers enriched in gums of animal origin and linseed oil that are inoculated with suspensions of fungi and bacteria, later identifying the species that grow and deteriorate these materials, thus checking the postulates of Koch [60]. Another report associated with this proposal was made in the murals of the medieval church with the bacterium Arthrobacter responsible for the black spots as a result of the reaction of lead oxide of pigments and hydrogen sulfide produced by other bacteria responsible for spotting [61].…”

Section: Biodeterioration Of Paintingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Control Strategies of Biofilms in the Cultural Heritage

Rivera¹,

Ramos²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2019

Antimicrobials, Antibiotic Resistance, Antibiofilm Strategies and Activity Methods

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Biodeterioration is defined as the undesirable change in the properties of materials caused by the activity of biological agents. This process is complex and involves alterations in the physicochemical and mechanical properties by the action of organisms and depends on the microorganisms involved, type of substrate, and environmental conditions. The biodeterioration of cultural heritage is the physical or chemical damage caused by microorganisms on objects, monuments, or buildings that belong to the cultural heritage. Among the main materials that can be affected are: stone, metal, ceramic, polymers, and other materials. Among the main undesirable effects to these materials are: discoloration, dissolution, rupture, and efflorescence among others. Biofilms represent the usual form of growth of bacteria and consist of communities of microorganisms that grow attached to an inert surface or a living tissue, surrounded by an extracellular matrix that they themselves synthesize. The importance of biodeterioration by biofilms is mainly related to changes in pH values, ionic concentrations, oxide-reduction reactions in the biofilm thickness, and in the interface with the substrate and enzymatic degradation. This chapter presents evidence of the participation of biofilms and associated mechanisms in biodeterioration as well as the main prevention and control strategies.

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Section: Biodeterioration Of Paintingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin and Control Strategies of Biofilms in the Cultural Heritage

Rivera¹,

Ramos²,

Sánchez³

et al. 2019

Antimicrobials, Antibiotic Resistance, Antibiofilm Strategies and Activity Methods

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“…The five chosen species of mould: Alternaria alternata , Chaetomium globosum , Aspergillus fumigatus , Aspergillus niger , and Penicillium chrysogenum , have been reported in the literature as silk deteriorating fungi. 13–17,49 It should be noted that the growth of Penicillium chrysogenum was observed only on natural silk prepared on W&C agar and on the medium containing amino acids. In the case of samples such as historical silk on W&C and Cz&D agars as well as natural silk on Cz&D agar, no growth of Penicillium chrysogenum was detected (Figure 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, silk is very resistant to biodeterioration due to its composition, 12,13 but some authors have found that there are species of moulds that can deteriorate naturally aged silk fabrics. 14–17 Mould growth can be detected by visual examination or using microbial tests. The visual method can detect mould when it grows on the surface of an object.…”

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confidence: 99%

The detection of active moulds on historical silk by the means of the headspace–solid phase micro-extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method

Sawoszczuk

Syguła‐Cholewińska

Hoyo‐Meléndez

2017

Textile Research Journal

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The goal of this work was to analyze the profile of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) emitted by moulds growing on silk samples in search of particular volatiles mentioned in the literature as indicators of active mould growth. The selected moulds were inoculated on three types of media: (1) samples of pure silk placed on microbial media, (2) samples of historical silk placed on microbial media, and (3) agar containing amino acids that are elements of the structure of fibroin. All samples were prepared inside vials (closed system). In the first and second cases the media did not contain any sources of organic carbon, nitrogen, or sulfur—the silk was the only nutrient for the moulds. A fourth type of sample was historical silk prepared in a Petri dish without a microbial medium and inoculated with a fibroinolytically active mould (open system). The MVOCs emitted by moulds were sampled with the headspace–solid phase micro-extraction method. Volatiles extracted on Divinylbenzene/Carboxen/Polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fibers were analyzed in a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry system. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of chromatograms were carried out in search of indicators of metabolic activity. The results showed that there are three groups of volatiles that can be used for the detection of active forms of moulds on silk. Thus, this can be a valuable tool for the fast detection of mould activity on historical silk objects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to measure MVOCs emitted by moulds growing on silk.

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“…The action of bacteria and fungi is recognized by the appearance of color spots and texture changes that significantly modify the pictorial layers (Venegas & Pardo, ). An experimental laboratory study carried out by Seves et al () and Seves, Romano, Scilione, Maifreni, and Sora () with pictorial supports of traditional materials, such as linen canvas prepared with layers rich in animal glues and linseed oils, then inoculated with different fungi and bacteria, allowed identification of the species of bacteria: Bacillus pumilus , B acillus circulans , Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus , and the fungi Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum . Other studies also value the features that the paintings have, achieving a detailed relation between the level of biodeterioration of each organic and inorganic material, and the treatments performed (Cortet, ; Guillaume‐Chavannes, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To identify microorganisms that provoke biodeterioration, Seves et al () employed traditional techniques, and also the ones of molecular biology, such as extraction of DNA, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (TGGE), and analysis of sequence of 16S rRNA (Helms, Martiny, Hofman‐Bang, Ahring, & Kilstrup, ; Möhlenhoff, Müller, Gorbushina, & Petersen, ; Schabereiter‐Gurtner, Piñar, Lubitz, & Rolleke, ). In a review on the microbiota and the search of new strategies for biodeterioration analysis, González and Saiz () researched the diversity of the microbiota, designing different strategies and highlighting the importance of the methods to gain detection and molecular identification of microorganisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of biodeterioration on canvas paintings

Poyatos

Morales

Nicholson

et al. 2017

Journal Cellular Physiology

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The study of the physiological action of microorganisms in artistic materials is one of the most interesting topics in biodeterioration nowadays. Pathologies and illnesses of organic and inorganic materials provoked by microorganisms can be treated by experts by a variety of preventive interventions. Artistic medicine encompasses the monitoring of the exhibition and storage of art, as well as proper environmental conditions and the regular cleaning of museums. Biodeterioration control is essential in order to prevent fungal and bacterial contamination in artwork. Biodeterioration of canvas paintings is a complex phenomenon, not well-known at the moment. Canvas paintings are created by several artistic techniques on textile supports that are not always kept in the best conditions, and the best parameters of preventive conservation are often not applied. Therefore, we need to research the agents and the main causes that provoke canvas painting biodeterioration. By applying new methodologies, we can identify the alterations and the treatments needed in order to manage the diverse materials employed in artwork correctly. Herein, we review the causes of biodeterioration that affect artwork, especially art created on textile supports. We also study the alterations of the natural filmogenic materials employed in traditional pictorial techniques, such as agglutinants and protection layers, and the biodeterioration agents that impact them. Additionally, we review current scientific methods employed for the identification of microbial species, and the types of alterations of the materials where the organisms grow. Finally, we summarize the different biocides and preventive conservation treatments that are currently employed.

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A Laboratory Investigation of the Microbial Degradation of Cultural Heritage

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Origin and Control Strategies of Biofilms in the Cultural Heritage

Origin and Control Strategies of Biofilms in the Cultural Heritage

The detection of active moulds on historical silk by the means of the headspace–solid phase micro-extraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method

Physiology of biodeterioration on canvas paintings

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