A Laboratory Study of Contrails

Pilié, R. J.; Jiusto, James E.

doi:10.1175/1520-0469(1958)015<0149:alsoc>2.0.co;2

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…10-12 km) (Schmidt, 1941;Appleman, 1953;Pilie and Jiusto, 1958;Schrader, 1997;Travis et al, 1997). Numerous studies have shown that contrail formation and persistence time are controlled by variations in temperature and moisture, especially near the tropopause, with the most ideal set of conditions for extended contrail persistence being an atmosphere that is supersaturated with respect to ice (Pilié and Jiusto, 1958;Hanson and Hanson, 1995;Kastner et al, 1999). The tropopause is a sensitive indicator of climate variation and climate change (Wong and Wang, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

US jet contrail frequency changes: influences of jet aircraft flight activity and atmospheric conditions

Travis

Carleton

Johnson

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Climatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the United States, the dramatic increase in jet fuel usage and kilometers flown has led to speculation of a similar increase in jet contrails. However, contrail occurrence depends heavily upon the meteorological conditions near cruising altitudes (i.e. the tropopause, 10–12 km altitude). This study reports a contrail mid‐season contemporary climatology for the coterminous United States (2000–2002), and compares the frequencies with those previously reported for an earlier (1977–1979) period, to determine spatial and seasonal contrail frequency changes. For both climatologies, contrail occurrence is derived from the analysis of high‐resolution satellite imagery. Data on US jet aircraft flight activity were obtained to assess their relationship to contrail frequency, as were NCEP‐NCAR reanalysis data to determine the changes in tropopause‐level atmospheric conditions.For the 2000–2002 period, contrails comprise a distinct high (low) frequency pattern in the East (West) halves of the United States. Seasonally, there is a contrail association with the latitudinal migration of the jet stream and a US‐wide peak contrail frequency during winter (January). The inter‐monthly variations in contrail frequency are significantly different from each other but show no association with variations in jet flight activity, indicating a greater role for meteorological conditions. Between the 1977–1979 and 2000–2002 periods, there were strong spatial and seasonal asymmetries to the contrail frequency change. These involve a cooling (warming) of the tropopause for the largest (smallest) frequency increases, which shows some association with the switch in positive and negative phases of the Arctic Oscillation. The role of upper tropospheric conditions and links to hemispheric‐scale teleconnections should be considered when projecting contrail frequency changes and their future impacts on climate. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

US jet contrail frequency changes: influences of jet aircraft flight activity and atmospheric conditions

Travis

Carleton

Johnson

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Climatology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: -2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When this contrail factor estimate is based on the ratio of water to heat produced during combustion, and the value of C" employed is appropriate for upper tropospheric temperatures, then the contrail factor found is appropriate for estimating the threshold temperature for contrail formation by the matching-slope method, equivalent to the procedures of Appleman (1953), Jiusto and Pilie (1958), Jensen et al (1998), and others.…”

Section: -8mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The implicit assumptions in this approach are that all of the water and heat generated during combustion is contained in the gases leaving the exhaust nozzle, and that C p is constant. While Appleman made his computation using data for a fuel used during World War II, Jiusto and Pilie (1958) in the same manner computed a contrail factor for JP-4, the most common military fuel in use then and now(very close in properties to Jet-A, the most common civilian fuel then and now), arriving at a value of 0.0295 (g/kg)/K. A detailed discussion of this procedure, along with some of the uncertainties associated with it, is presented in Detwiler (1996).…”

Section: Previous Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed discussions of contrail formation forecasting by U.S. Air Force personnel and contractors appeared in the open refereed literature beginning in the 1950's (e.g. Appleman, 1953;Downie and Silverman, 1957;Pilie and Jiusto, 1958).Contrails are an example of mixing cloud formation, a mode of cloud formation that has been studied and understood in a modern sense since early in this century. Despite the straightforward theory behind contrail formation, and despite the strong foundation laid by the early publications on this subject, to this day there still appear misguided treatments of contrail formation, as in Hanson and Hanson (1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

1997 Summer Research Program (SRP), Summer Research Extension Program (SREP), Final Report, Volume 2. Phillips Laboratory

Moore¹

1997

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEPubic reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, se the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including sue Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlngton, VA 222024302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Par. AFRL-SR-BL-TR-00- Gary Moore FUNDING NUMBERS F49620-93-C-0063 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Research & Development Laboratories (RDL) 5800 Uplander Way Culver City, CA 90230-66088. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER The United States Air Force Summer Research Program (SRP) is designed to introduce university, college, and technical institute faculty members to Air Force research. This is accomplished by the faculty members, graduate students, and high school students being selected on a nationally advertised competitive basis during the summer intersession period to perforn research at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) Technical Directorates and Air Force Air Logistics Centers (ALC). AFOSR also offers its research associates (faculty only) an opportunity, under the Summer Research Extension Program (SREP), to continue their AFOSR-sponsored research at their home institutions through the award of research grants. This volume consists of a listing of the participants for the SREP and the technical report from each participant working at the AF Phillips Laboratory. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)Air SUBJECT TERMS GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETING SF 298The Report Documentation Page (RDP) is used in announcing and cataloging reports. It is important that this information be consistent with the rest of the report, particularly the cover and title page. Instructions for filling in each block of the form follow. It is important to stay within the lines to meet optical scanning requirements. Block 1. Agency Use Only (Leave blank).Block 2. Report Date. Full publication date including day, month, and year, if available (e.g. 1 Jan 88). Must cite at least the year.Block 3. Type of Report and Dates Covered. State whether report is interim, final, etc. If applicable, enter inclusive report dates (e.g. 10Jun87-30Jun88).Block 4. Title and Subtitle. A title is taken from the part of the report that provides the most meaningful and complete information. When a report is prepared in more than one volume, repeat the primary title, add volume number, and include subtitle for the specific volume. On classified documents enter the title classification in parentheses.Block 5. Funding Numbers. To include contract and grant numbers; may include program element number(s), project number(s), task number(s), and work unit number(s). Use the following labels:C -Contract G -Grant PE-Program ElementPR -Project TA -Task WU ■ Work Unit Accession No.Block 6. Author(s). IMame(s) of person(s) responsible for writing the report, performing the rese...

show abstract

Insolation Reduction by Contrails

Reinking

1968

Weather

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A Laboratory Study of Contrails

Cited by 20 publications

References 2 publications

US jet contrail frequency changes: influences of jet aircraft flight activity and atmospheric conditions

US jet contrail frequency changes: influences of jet aircraft flight activity and atmospheric conditions

1997 Summer Research Program (SRP), Summer Research Extension Program (SREP), Final Report, Volume 2. Phillips Laboratory

Insolation Reduction by Contrails

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About