A laboratory study of surface runoff due to moving rainstorms

Yen, Ben Chie; Chow, Ven Te

doi:10.1029/wr005i005p00989

Cited by 62 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Failure to consider the movement of rainfall (i.e., the combined action of wind and rain) can result in under-or over-estimation of peak discharge (e.g., Jensen, 1984;Singh, 1998;de Lima andSingh, 2002, 2003). The importance of the combined action of wind and rain, especially the changes in rainfall characteristics (e.g., spatial and temporal distribution, trajectory of drops) and runoff (e.g., height of runoff and speed), has been recognized by a number of investigators (e.g., Maksimov, 1964;Yen and Chow, 1968;Wilson et al, 1979;Erpul et al, 1998;Gabriels et al, 1997;Singh, 1998;de Lima and Singh, 1999;Erpul et al, 2000, de Lima et al, 2003. Some investigators (e.g., de Lima and Singh, 2002) have thus considered the movement of rainfall over basins, particularly upstream or downstream.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulometric characterization of sediments transported by surface runoff generated by moving storms

Lima

Souza

Singh

2008

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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Abstract. Due to the combined effect of wind and rain, the importance of storm movement to surface flow has long been recognized, at scales ranging from headwater scales to large basins. This study presents the results of laboratory experiments designed to investigate the influence of moving rainfall storms on the dynamics of sediment transport by surface runoff. Experiments were carried out, using a rain simulator and a soil flume. The movement of rainfall was generated by moving the rain simulator at a constant speed in the upstream and downstream directions along the flume. The main objective of the study was to characterize, in laboratory conditions, the distribution of sediment grain-size transported by rainfall-induced overland flow and its temporal evolution. Grain-size distribution of the eroded material is governed by the capacity of flow that transports sediments. Granulometric curves were constructed using conventional hand sieving and a laser diffraction particle size analyser (material below 0.250 mm) for overland flow and sediment deliveries collected at the flume outlet. Surface slope was set at 2%, 7% and 14%. Rainstorms were moved with a constant speed, upslope and downslope, along the flume or were kept static. The results of laboratory experiments show that storm movement, affecting the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, has a marked influence on the grain-size characteristics of sediments transported by overland flow. The downstreammoving rainfall storms have higher stream power than do other storm types.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granulometric characterization of sediments transported by surface runoff generated by moving storms

Lima

Souza

Singh

2008

Nonlin. Processes Geophys.

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“…However, the problem of how storm movement affects flows (shape of the hydrograph and peak discharge) has been recognized for some time (e.g., Maksimov, 1964;Yen and Chow, 1968;Wilson et al, 1979;Jensen, 1984;Singh, 1998;Singh, 2002a,b), normally based on laboratory or numerical simulations. Ignoring the storm movement can result in (considerable) over-or under-estimation of the runoff peak (e.g., Maksimov, 1964;Yen and Chow, 1968;Wilson et al, 1979;Jensen, 1984;Singh, 1998;Singh, 2002b). When compared with storms moving downstream, storms moving upstream are characterized by hydrographs with: (1) earlier rise; (2) lower peak discharge; (3) less steep rising limb; and (4) longer base time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modeling of surface runoff and erosion due to moving rainstorms at the drainage basin scale

Nunes

Lima

Singh

et al. 2006

Journal of Hydrology

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Summary A physically-based distributed erosion model (MEFIDIS) was applied to evaluate the consequences of storm movement on runoff and erosion from the Alenquer basin in Portugal. Controlled soil flume laboratory experiments were also used to test the model. Nine synthetic circular storms were used, combining three storm diameters (0.5, 1 and 2 times the Alenquer basin's axial length) with three speeds of storm movement (0.5, 1 and 2 m/s); storm intensities were synthesized in order to maintain a constant rainfall depth of 50 mm. The model was applied to storms moving downstream as well as upstream along the basin's axis. In all tests, downstream-moving storms caused significantly higher peak runoff (56.5%) and net erosion (9.1%) than did upstream-moving storms. The consequences for peak runoff were amplified as the storm intensity increased. The hydrograph shapes were also different: for downstream-moving storms, runoff started later and the rising limb was steeper, whereas for upstream moving storms, runoff started early and the rising limb was less steep. Both laboratory and model simulations on the Alenquer basin showed that the direction of storm movement, especially in case of extreme rainfall events, significantly affected runoff and soil loss.

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“…[2] A runoff hydrograph from a watershed depends on the physiographic properties of the watershed, such as landscape characteristics, vegetation cover, soil characteristics, flow dynamics, and the hydrometeorologic characteristics of rainstorms [Yen and Chow, 1969]. For a given total amount of rainfall, the temporal and spatial distribution of the rainfall is determined by rainstorm movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network configuration and hydrograph sensitivity to storm kinematics

Seo

Schmidt

2013

Water Resources Research

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[1] This paper explores the relationship between channel network configurations and hydrograph sensitivity to storm kinematics with different storm speeds, storm directions, and storm sizes. A synthetic circular catchment is introduced, in order to prevent bias due to interaction between storm directions and catchment geometry. The drainage network of the test catchment is simulated with Gibbs' model for a given network configuration (). The peak response of the catchment is investigated with different configurations of drainage network, combined with different conditions of storm kinematics. The results show that the relationship between storm kinematics and the peak discharge response is dependent on the network configuration. The network configuration indicates the network efficiency in terms of the total drainage time of a network. The resonance condition can be defined for a 2-D drainage network as the inverse of the averaged total sum of flow distance. The results show that the storm kinematics that produces the maximum peak discharge depends on the network configuration because the resonance condition changes with the network configuration. The investigation of 12 catchments in the Chicago area indicates that urban drainage networks, typically, are highly efficient but can also be inefficient. The results illustrate that more inefficient networks (networks with lower ) are less sensitive to rainstorm movement and produce lower peak discharge, compared with efficient networks. In contrast, an efficient network produces higher peak discharges and is more sensitive to storm kinematics, compared with an inefficient network.Citation: Seo, Y., and A. R. Schmidt (2013), Network configuration and hydrograph sensitivity to storm kinematics, Water Resour.

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A laboratory study of surface runoff due to moving rainstorms

Cited by 62 publications

References 5 publications

Granulometric characterization of sediments transported by surface runoff generated by moving storms

Granulometric characterization of sediments transported by surface runoff generated by moving storms

Numerical modeling of surface runoff and erosion due to moving rainstorms at the drainage basin scale

Network configuration and hydrograph sensitivity to storm kinematics

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