A Laboratory Study of the Effects of Interbeds on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Shale Formation

Zhao, Ziyan; Li, Xiao; Wang, Yu; Zheng, Bo; Zhang, Bo

doi:10.3390/en9070556

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Raman spectroscopy is a fast and nondestructive equipment to create the profile of maturity, S1, S2, and PI, and accelerate the analysis with good precision. Moreover, it has been shown that organic matter has a non-negligible effect on hydraulic fracturing of organic rich unconventional reservoirs [91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98], therefore such fast methods to characterize organic matter can be useful in the geomechanical simulation of hydraulic fracturing operations.…”

Section: Pi = S1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Molecular Evolution of Kerogen by Raman Spectroscopy: Correlation with Optical Microscopy and Rock-Eval Pyrolysis

Khatibi

Ostadhassan

Tuschel³

et al. 2018

Energies

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Vitrinite maturity and programmed pyrolysis are conventional methods to evaluate organic matter (OM) regarding its thermal maturity. Moreover, vitrinite reflectance analysis can be difficult if prepared samples have no primary vitrinite or dispersed widely. Raman spectroscopy is a nondestructive method that has been used in the last decade for maturity evaluation of organic matter by detecting structural transformations, however, it might suffer from fluorescence background in low mature samples. In this study, four samples of different maturities from both shale formations of Bakken (the upper and lower members) Formation were collected and analyzed with Rock-Eval (RE) and Raman spectroscopy. In the next step, portions of the same samples were then used for the isolation of kerogen and analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. Results showed that Raman spectroscopy, by detecting structural information of OM, could reflect thermal maturity parameters that were derived from programmed pyrolysis. Moreover, isolating kerogen will reduce the background noise (fluorescence) in the samples dramatically and yield a better spectrum. The study showed that thermal properties of OM could be precisely reflected in Raman signals.

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Section: Pi = S1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating Molecular Evolution of Kerogen by Raman Spectroscopy: Correlation with Optical Microscopy and Rock-Eval Pyrolysis

Khatibi

Ostadhassan

Tuschel³

et al. 2018

Energies

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“…Since then, this technique as one of the Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), is conducted into the wellbore of conventional reservoir and it increases the production and wellbore lifetime. Furthermore, it has made a significant contribution to the development of unconventional reservoirs (Guo et al, 2014;Montgomery & Smith, 2010;Zhao et al, 2016). In addition to stimulating oil and gas production and enhanced geothermal energy, this method is also used for determining the magnitudes and directions of in-situ stresses in the mining and civil engineering underground projects (Pine et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study on Hydraulic Fracturing with Acoustic Emission under Tri-Axial Stress Conditions

Esmaeilzadeh,

Nikkhah

2024

Preprint

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Hydraulic fracturing method is known as one of the most important stimulation methods, especially in unconventional gas and petroleum reservoirs. Acoustic emission (AE) is a popular technique to monitor the process of geomaterial failure during hydraulic fracturing. In the present paper, AE monitoring has been employed for a better understanding of the mechanism of crack and fracture generation in experimental hydraulic fracturing. Concrete blocks were subjected to true tri-axial stress conditions while AE was synchronously recorded during fluid injection. The experiments have been performed on the specimens under different loading stresses in order to investigate the effect of the applied pre-stress combinations. Based on the results, as the minimum horizontal stress increases, the fracturing pressure increases; moreover, when the maximum horizontal stress and vertical stress increase, the fracturing pressure shows an increasing and decreasing trend. Observed fractures align with the direction of maximum horizontal stress under anisotropic conditions, while isotropic stress conditions result in randomly oriented radial fractures. Analysis of AE parameters provides valuable insights, correlating with the physical fractures and cracks behavior and demonstrating the potential of AE monitoring as a predictive tool for hydraulic fracturing behavior.

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“…With regard to the impact of bedding planes on propagation, Grasselli et al conducted a research on the problem of crack initiation. Zhao et al studied the effect of the thickness and strength of bedding planes on the fracture propagation. Men et al found out that, with the increase in the bedding plane angles, the maximum principal stress and bedding planes dominantly control the initiation and propagation of the fracture crack.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation of hydraulic fracture under the joint impact of bedding planes and natural fractures in shale reservoirs

Gong

Xia

Peng

et al. 2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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The generation of the complex fracture network through hydraulic fracturing is a prerequisite for economic exploitation of shale gas. Bedding planes and natural fractures in shale reservoirs exert a direct impact on the propagation of hydraulic fracture and the formation of the complex fracture network. Based on theoretical analysis and flow‐stress‐damage coupled approach, the propagation of hydraulic fracture under the joint impact of the bedding planes and the natural fractures is studied. The results show the main factors that influence the fracture propagation are the horizontal principal stress difference, the minimum horizontal principal stress, the approaching angle of bedding plane (AABP), the intersection angle of natural fracture (IANF), and the cohesion of the reservoir matrix and the bedding plane. The bigger the horizontal principal stress difference is and the smaller AABP and the cohesion are, the more likely hydraulic fracture will propagate toward the direction of the maximum horizontal principle stress; the smaller AABP and the cohesion are, the more easily it will propagate along the bedding planes; AABP and IANF are the key factors that affect the fracture network formation and both of them bear a negative correlation on the principal stress difference for the formation of the fracture network; the smaller the stress difference and the cohesion difference between the bedding plane and the reservoir matrix are, and AABP is close to IANF and they are in the middle of its value range, the more easily the fracture network forms. The research results are of great significance to reveal the propagation law of hydraulic fracture and the formation of the complex fracture network in shale reservoirs and the efficient exploitation of shale gas.

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A Laboratory Study of the Effects of Interbeds on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation in Shale Formation

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Evaluating Molecular Evolution of Kerogen by Raman Spectroscopy: Correlation with Optical Microscopy and Rock-Eval Pyrolysis

Evaluating Molecular Evolution of Kerogen by Raman Spectroscopy: Correlation with Optical Microscopy and Rock-Eval Pyrolysis

Experimental Study on Hydraulic Fracturing with Acoustic Emission under Tri-Axial Stress Conditions

Propagation of hydraulic fracture under the joint impact of bedding planes and natural fractures in shale reservoirs

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