A Laboratory Study on Wave Reduction by Mangrove Forests

Hashim, Ahmad Mustafa; Catherine, Sim Mong Pheng

doi:10.1016/j.apcbee.2013.05.006

Cited by 60 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…This protective role has been demonstrated in several studies conducted theoretically (Massel et al, 1999), in the laboratory (Hashim and Catherine, 2013), and from field monitoring (Mazda et al, 1997;Quartel et al, 2007;Barbier et al, 2008;Horstman et al, 2014), but also from geomorphological and coastal management-oriented approaches (Anthony and Gratiot, 2012;Winterwerp et al, 2013;Phan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Mangroves and shoreline erosion in the Mekong River delta, Viet Nam

Besset

Gratiot²,

Anthony³

et al. 2019

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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The question of the rampant erosion of the shorelines rimming the Mekong River delta has assumed increasing importance over the last few years. Among issues pertinent to this question is how it is related to mangroves. Using high-resolution satellite images, we compared the width of the mangrove belt fringing the shoreline in 2012 to shoreline change (advance, retreat) between 2003 and 2012 for 3687 crossshore transects, spaced 100 m apart, and thus covering nearly 370 km of delta shoreline bearing mangroves. The results show no significant relationships. We infer from this that, once erosion sets in following sustained deficient mud supply to the coast, the rate of shoreline change is independent of the width of the mangrove belt. Numerous studies have shown that: (1) mangroves promote coastal accretion where fine-grained sediment supply is adequate, (2) a large and healthy belt of fringing mangroves can efficiently protect a shoreline by inducing more efficient dissipation of wave energy than a narrower fringe, and (3) mangrove removal contributes to the aggravation of ongoing shoreline erosion. We fully concur, but draw attention to the fact that mangroves cannot accomplish their land-building and coastal protection roles under conditions of a failing sediment supply and prevailing erosion. Ignoring these overarching conditions implies that high expectations from mangroves in protecting and/or stabilizing the Mekong delta shoreline, and eroding shorelines elsewhere, will meet with disappointment. Among these false expectations are: (1) a large and healthy mangrove fringe is sufficient to stabilize the (eroding) shoreline, (2) a reduction in the width of a large mangrove fringe to the benefit of other activities, such as shrimpfarming, is not deleterious to the shoreline position, and (3) the effects of human-induced reductions in sediment supply to the coast can be offset by a large belt of fringing mangroves. Highlights ► We compared Mekong delta shoreline change between 2003 and 2012 and width of fringing mangroves. ► We found no significant relationships between the rate of shoreline change and mangrove width. ► Large tracts of the delta shoreline are eroding due to inadequate mud supply. ► When mud supply replenishment is low, even a wide mangrove belt will retreat. ► Mangrove protection initiatives need to consider sustained sediment supply as a key parameter.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Mangroves and shoreline erosion in the Mekong River delta, Viet Nam

Besset

Gratiot²,

Anthony³

et al. 2019

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The importance of mangroves to support local livelihoods by providing ecosystem services (ESs; e.g., provision of foods, raw materials, and medicinal resources,) has been widely recognized (Chong 2007 ; Kusmana 2011 ). Recent studies also highlighted their crucial role in protecting the coastline from storms and even tsunamis (Alongi 2008 ; Hashim and Catherine 2013 ; Ilman et al 2016 ). Despite their large ecological and livelihood importance, mangroves have long been the subject of human disturbance (e.g., coastal development, conversion to aquaculture, timber overharvesting, and pollution) (Alongi 2008 ; Sudtongkong and Webb 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Participatory ecosystem service mapping to enhance community-based mangrove rehabilitation and management in Demak, Indonesia

Damastuti

Groot

2018

Reg Environ Change

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Assessment of mangrove ecosystem services (ES) is essential to understand and manage the contribution of these ecosystems to the well-being of local communities. They are the primary beneficiaries but their experience, knowledge, and information are frequently ignored in ES assessment and mapping. In this study, a participatory resource mapping (PRM) approach was applied using local knowledge and experience to analyze geo-referenced information on mangrove ecosystem services. Local communities were involved from the beginning in method selection, application, evaluation, and verification. This “inclusive participatory ES mapping” was conducted in two villages (Bedono and Timbulsloko, Central Java, Indonesia) from 2014 to 2015. Participants representing different community elements were involved in the mapping process. They first created a historical map of the situation in their villages roughly between 1980 and 1999 (before rehabilitation) and then described the subsequent environmental changes. The mapping exercise also documented different mangrove resources that are utilized by communities and identified key areas, such as harvesting zones, biodiversity hotspots, erosion zones, different fishing grounds, and newly rehabilitated areas. The maps reveal that integrating PRM and indigenous geo-referenced information can elicit past and contemporary information on (changes in) ecosystem service availability and use. The results show that by involving local communities from the beginning, the participatory ES mapping can facilitate social learning, provide the foundation for the creation of social capital, and equip the community with sufficient spatial information to improve local mangrove management. The participatory ES mapping approach presented in this paper can be used as a model to support local and regional decision-making processes and to enhance community-based mangrove management in other coastal regions in Indonesia and beyond.

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“…Avicennia species consist of special vertical roots, called pneumatophores or breathing roots which emerge from the lateral roots in the mud, often projecting above soil and spaced at regular interval. Considering the structure of this mangrove species each tree consisted of two layers; the lower layer with a height of 1 m and diameter 5 cm represented dimensions of pneumatophores, which corresponds to a density of 100 numbers m −2 , and the upper layer consisted of a single mangrove stem having an average height of 5 m and a mean diameter of 0.2 m. Although staggered arrangement of mangroves dissipate more energy, Hashim and Catherine () reported that the difference in wave reduction for both arrangements was less than 10%, which is not significant. Hence, this study has adopted tandem orientation of mangroves as it particularly attempts to understand the wave attenuation characteristics in the region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Inter‐seasonal variability of wind‐waves and their attenuation characteristics by mangroves in a reversing wind system

Parvathy

Umesh

Bhaskaran

2017

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The mutual interaction between surface gravity waves and vegetation such as mangroves using numerical wave models can provide better location specific wave forecasts having practical implications in the overall development of better near-shore wave climatology. Sundarban delta bordering the head Bay of Bengal is the largest mangrove forest in the world, and the present study reports on inter-seasonal variability of wave damping in presence of mangroves that thrive on a region dominated by seasonal reversing wind field. It aims to understand relative wave attenuation characteristics during a period of one year over this region that experiences a seasonal reversal of wind system. The study considers a multi-scale nested modelling approach to account for distant swells that propagate from Southern Ocean reaching various destinations in the North Indian Ocean region. The model was forced using 0.25 ∘ × 0.25 ∘ spatial resolution 6-hourly ECMWF ERA-Interim winds for coarse grid WAM and SWAN runs, and NCDC blended winds with a similar spatial and temporal resolution was used to force SWAN model executed in a flexible unstructured mesh. To avoid model uncertainties of providing wind from two different sources, the wind data of same temporal and spatial resolution has been adopted. The present study quantifies relative rate of wave energy dissipation for monthly and seasonal scales such as pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon periods by analysing characteristic variation of wave parameters and their spectral energy in presence of mangroves. The study has put forth an effort to validate model results against altimeter measurements and ERA-Interim data, as no actual measurements are available to validate model results simulated in the presence of mangroves. This study solely emphasizes on role of reversing wind system on relative wave attenuation characteristics and highlights the importance of a more detailed investigation to ascertain impact of varying vegetation parameters on wave attenuation characteristics.

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A Laboratory Study on Wave Reduction by Mangrove Forests

Cited by 60 publications

References 8 publications

Mangroves and shoreline erosion in the Mekong River delta, Viet Nam

Mangroves and shoreline erosion in the Mekong River delta, Viet Nam

Participatory ecosystem service mapping to enhance community-based mangrove rehabilitation and management in Demak, Indonesia

Inter‐seasonal variability of wind‐waves and their attenuation characteristics by mangroves in a reversing wind system

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