A Laconic Review on Chalcones: Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant activities

Abstract

Chalcones and their derivatives have been an area of great interest for several researchers in recent years. Several number of research publications have been published and chalcones continue to show promising effect for novel drug investigations. Chalcone is an advantaged moiety with therapeutic importance as it comprises of receptive ketoethylenic moiety – CO–CH=CH– having a place with flavonoids. Chalcones (1, 3-Diphenyl-prop-2-en-1-one) consists of a three carbon α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system and two or more aromatic rings and acts as precursors for the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants. The presence of a highly reactive α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system in chalcone and its derivatives is the justification for its pharmacological potencies. However, synthesis in laboratory of broad range of chalcones has also been reported. Chalcones show a wide range of pharmacological impacts like anthelmintic, antileishmanial, antifungal, antimalarial, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, antiulcer, antimycobacterial, insecticidal, antigout, antihistaminic, antiprotozoal, insecticidal, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic etc. Chalcones can be synthesized through Claisen–Schmidt's condensation, Heck's reaction, Aldol condensation reaction, Suzuki's reaction, from cinnamic acid, Sonogashira Isomerization Coupling reaction, Microwave assisted synthesis etc. The purpose of the present review is to centralize the various and widely employed methods of synthesis of chalcone and their various derivatives and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities.

Dehydroacetic acid a privileged medicinal scaffold: A concise review

“…These Geotrichum citri-auranti by seeing the effects on its cell wall integrity and ATPase activity. [56] Compound (28) showed highest mycelial growth inhibition of 100% at a concentration of 0.40 mg/mL. However, there was a reduction in inhibition when the incubation period increased and sorbitol was added.…”

“…A large number of dehydroacetic acid derivatives, as well as their metal complexes are reported to possess a variety of biological activities, viz. antibacterial, [12,[18][19][20] antifungal, [21][22][23][24] antiviral, [25,26] anticancer, [27] antioxidant, [28,29] and DNA cleaving, [30] and so on. It was also found that the inclusion of DHA with various other critical biological scaffolds such as chalcones, [31,32] Schiff bases, [33,34] triazoles, [35] imidazoles, semicarbazones, thiosemicarbazones, [36,37] metal complexes, [38,39] results in the augmentation of biological activities which is ultimately supporting the hypothesis of molecular hybridization, according to which integration of two or more than two bioactive scaffolds led to the formation of molecular hybrids which perform better than the parent components and possess less toxicity.…”