A Large Cluster of Imported Plasmodium falciparum Malaria among Nigerian Expatriate Students

Kang, Mei Ling; Hsu, Li-Yang; Kurup, Asok

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2007.77.790

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Non-contiguous international HPM is defined here as movements between countries that do not share a border. This HPM type is most relevant to malaria transmission and control in terms of likely imported infections into low or non-endemic countries from countries with higher transmission [ 48 ]. Tourists visiting and migrants from malaria endemic countries have for many years led to imported infections into malaria-free countries [ 49 - 51 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human movement data for malaria control and elimination strategic planning

Pindolia

García

Wesolowski

et al. 2012

Malar J

132

161

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Recent increases in funding for malaria control have led to the reduction in transmission in many malaria endemic countries, prompting the national control programmes of 36 malaria endemic countries to set elimination targets. Accounting for human population movement (HPM) in planning for control, elimination and post-elimination surveillance is important, as evidenced by previous elimination attempts that were undermined by the reintroduction of malaria through HPM. Strategic control and elimination planning, therefore, requires quantitative information on HPM patterns and the translation of these into parasite dispersion. HPM patterns and the risk of malaria vary substantially across spatial and temporal scales, demographic and socioeconomic sub-groups, and motivation for travel, so multiple data sets are likely required for quantification of movement. While existing studies based on mobile phone call record data combined with malaria transmission maps have begun to address within-country HPM patterns, other aspects remain poorly quantified despite their importance in accurately gauging malaria movement patterns and building control and detection strategies, such as cross-border HPM, demographic and socioeconomic stratification of HPM patterns, forms of transport, personal malaria protection and other factors that modify malaria risk. A wealth of data exist to aid filling these gaps, which, when combined with spatial data on transport infrastructure, traffic and malaria transmission, can answer relevant questions to guide strategic planning. This review aims to (i) discuss relevant types of HPM across spatial and temporal scales, (ii) document where datasets exist to quantify HPM, (iii) highlight where data gaps remain and (iv) briefly put forward methods for integrating these datasets in a Geographic Information System (GIS) framework for analysing and modelling human population and Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection movements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human movement data for malaria control and elimination strategic planning

Pindolia

García

Wesolowski

et al. 2012

Malar J

132

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They have been noted amongst refugees, 2e4 returning holiday makers, 5,6 and expatriate students. 7 A common feature is partial or complete adherence to advice on prophylaxis. 8 Clusters of malaria have occurred following disease importation where the outbreak correlated geographically with specific breeding habitats of the anopheline vectors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cluster of Plasmodium vivax malaria in an expedition group to Ethiopia: Prophylactic efficacy of atovaquone/proguanil on liver stages of P. vivax

Mavrogordato

Lever

2012

Journal of Infection

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Can we depend on case management to prevent re-establishment of P. falciparum malaria, after local interruption of transmission?

et al. 2012

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Recent declines in malaria burden in many parts of the world have prompted consideration of how interruption of Plasmodium falciparum transmission could be maintained, if achieved, and notably whether large-scale vector control could be replaced with surveillance. This information is essential for elimination feasibility assessments and planning. The risk of re-establishment of transmission depends mainly on vectorial capacity (receptivity), likely to rebound once vector control is removed, the rate of importation of infections (vulnerability), the capacity to detect and treat infections and the level of immunity in infected individuals. Timely detection and removal of new infections is likely to be critical to prevent re-establishment of transmission. We assess, through mathematical modeling and simulation, which levels of case detection and treatment (case management) are required to prevent re-establishment of transmission of P. falciparum after local interruption of transmission has been achieved, in settings with varying receptivity and vulnerability. We find that, even at rather low levels of receptivity, case management alone cannot reliably prevent re-establishment of P. falciparum malaria transmission in the face of medium to high importation rates. Thus, if vector control is to be discontinued, preventing the importations by controlling transmission in source areas will generally be necessary for preventing reintroduction in such settings, and cannot be substituted by very high levels of case management coverage.

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A Large Cluster of Imported Plasmodium falciparum Malaria among Nigerian Expatriate Students

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Human movement data for malaria control and elimination strategic planning

Human movement data for malaria control and elimination strategic planning

A cluster of Plasmodium vivax malaria in an expedition group to Ethiopia: Prophylactic efficacy of atovaquone/proguanil on liver stages of P. vivax

Can we depend on case management to prevent re-establishment of P. falciparum malaria, after local interruption of transmission?

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