A Large Segmental Mid-Diaphyseal Femoral Defect Sheep Model: Surgical Technique

Margolis, David S.; Figueroa, Gerardo; Villalobos, Efren Barron; Smith, Jordan L.; Doane, Cynthia J; Gonzales, David A.; Szivek, John A.

doi:10.1080/08941939.2022.2045393

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The forces acting on the bones are comparable in general [24,26]; sheep show a similar loading pattern of body weight on the tibia and approximate bone length when fully matured. Consequently, sheep osteosynthesis models are used to mimic human bone composition and remodelling [23,24,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Tibial fractures or osteotomies are extensively employed as models to study fracture treatment, healing, implantable materials, and stem cell healing [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, sheep osteosynthesis models are used to mimic human bone composition and remodelling [23,24,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Tibial fractures or osteotomies are extensively employed as models to study fracture treatment, healing, implantable materials, and stem cell healing [30]. Immobilization of the limbs after surgical treatment is the first and safest measure in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refinement in Post-Operative Care for Orthopaedic Models: Implementing a Sheep Walking Cast (SWC) for Effective Tibial Fracture Management

Knorr,

Tix,

Liu

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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In the healthcare system, lower leg fractures remain relevant, incurring costs related to surgical treatment, hospitalization, and rehabilitation. The duration of treatment may vary depending on the individual case and its severity. Casting as a post-surgical fracture treatment is a common method in human and experimental veterinary medicine. Despite the high importance of sheep in preclinical testing materials for osteosynthesis, there is no standardised cast system ensuring proper stabilisation and functionality of hind limbs during the healing of tibia fractures or defects. Existing treatment approaches for tibial osteosynthesis in laboratory animal science include sling hanging, external fixators, or former Achilles tendon incision. These methods restrict animal movement for 4–6 weeks, limit species-typical behaviour, and impact social interactions. Our pilot study introduces a Standardised Walking Cast (SWC) for sheep, enabling immediate physiological movement post surgery. Seven Rhone sheep (female, 63.5 kg ± 6.45 kg) each with a single tibia defect (6 mm mechanical drilled defect) underwent SWC application for 4 weeks after plate osteosynthesis. The animals bore weight on their operated leg from day one, exhibiting slight lameness (grade 1–2 out of 5). Individual step lengths showed good uniformity (average deviation: 0.89 cm). Group housing successfully started on day three after surgery. Weekly X-rays and cast changes ensured proper placement, depicting the healing process. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using an SWC for up to 72 kg of body weight without sling hanging via ceiling mounting or external fixation techniques. Allowing species-typical movement and social behaviour can significantly improve the physiological behaviour of sheep in experiments, contributing to refinement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refinement in Post-Operative Care for Orthopaedic Models: Implementing a Sheep Walking Cast (SWC) for Effective Tibial Fracture Management

Knorr,

Tix,

Liu

et al. 2024

Biomedicines

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Employing direct electromagnetic coupling to assess acute fracture healing: An ovine model assessment

Labus,

Wolynski,

Easley

et al. 2023

Injury

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Establishment of a novel experimental animal model for the treatment of tibial segmental bone defects in Small Tailed Han Sheep using bone replacement grafts

Sun,

Zhang,

Wang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Objective Segmental long bone defects present a significant clinical challenge as critical-size defects cannot heal spontaneously. Most studies focus on adult bone defects, with limited research on pediatric cases. To enhance the study of bone defects in children, we established a juvenile sheep bone defect model. Methods Juvenile Small-Tailed Han sheep were used to create a 2 cm tibial bone defect, stabilized with a plate and screws. Tissue-engineered bone scaffolds were implanted at the defect site, and the limb was immobilized with a plaster cast for 3 months. Sheep were euthanized at 3 and 6 months post-surgery, and tibiae were examined using X-ray, microCT, and histological staining. Data description Tibial defect models were established in 7 sheep, with 2 euthanized at 3 months and 5 at 6 months. X-ray revealed cortical bridging. MicroCT and histological staining showed new bone distribution, with the 6-month group demonstrating increased bone formation and bridging at the scaffold center. There was no significant difference in longitudinal growth rates between the operated and contralateral tibiae. Conclusions We developed a reproducible model for juvenile tibial segmental defects in sheep, providing a robust basis for studying pediatric long bone segmental defects. Levels of Evidence: Ⅲ

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A Large Segmental Mid-Diaphyseal Femoral Defect Sheep Model: Surgical Technique

Cited by 4 publications

References 25 publications

Refinement in Post-Operative Care for Orthopaedic Models: Implementing a Sheep Walking Cast (SWC) for Effective Tibial Fracture Management

Refinement in Post-Operative Care for Orthopaedic Models: Implementing a Sheep Walking Cast (SWC) for Effective Tibial Fracture Management

Employing direct electromagnetic coupling to assess acute fracture healing: An ovine model assessment

Establishment of a novel experimental animal model for the treatment of tibial segmental bone defects in Small Tailed Han Sheep using bone replacement grafts

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