A laser-based technique to continuously monitor metal aerosol emissions

Flower, W. L.; Peng, Lawrence W.; Bonin, Michel; French, Nina Bergan; Johnsen, H. A.; Ottesen, David K.; Renzi, Ronald F.; Westbrook, Lindsey V.

doi:10.1016/0378-3820(94)90186-4

Cited by 38 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…[16][17][18] Some early research investigated the detection of gaseous elements. 19 Others used LIBS to determine lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, beryllium, magnesium, calcium, boron, aluminum, 20 and, later uranium.…”

Section: Previous Relevant Libs Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface heavy-metal detection with the use of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) penetrometer system

Miles

Cortes

1998

Field Analyt. Chem. Technol.

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U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station (WES) investigators have designed, fabricated, and demonstrated a cone penetrometer sensor for subsurface in situ field screening based on LIBS. The LIBS probe (patent pending) presented here is one of a suite of contaminant and geophysical probes developed by the WES Site Characterization and Analysis Penetrometer System (SCAPS) program. The LIBS probe includes a laser as part of the optical LIBS sensor section for metals analysis and a cone and sleeve soil classification module at its tip. Soil classification data are acquired during the push, while LIBS data are recorded during probe retraction, after shedding a sacrificial sleeve. Optical design concerns are discussed including the recessed window geometry to avoid output window damage and associated problems. Calibration, peak identification and peak confidence software are discussed. Although producing lower signal strength, the nonimaging optical receiver utilized is based on a simple design. Its performance is less dependent on soil conditions and produces a more consistent optical signal when compared to an imaging optical receiver design. Field results from four sites are discussed. Some spectral samples from a site indicate contaminant material that is not mixed with soil, as evidenced by spectra with a total lack of characteristic iron peaks in the background. Soil grain size and soil moisture are discussed in the context of empirical calibration and their effect on LIBS measurements. ᮊ ᮊ1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Field Analyt Chem Technol 2: 75-87, 1998 Keywords: laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); heavy metals; site screening; cone penetrometer; site characterization and analysis penetrometer system (SCAPS).

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Section: Previous Relevant Libs Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface heavy-metal detection with the use of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) penetrometer system

Miles

Cortes

1998

Field Analyt. Chem. Technol.

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“…The intensities of the atomic emission lines observed in the LIBS spectra are then used to infer the concentrations of the atomic species. As an analytical technique, LIBS is well suited for the analysis of a wide range of aerosol systems (Flower et al, 1994;Neuhauser et al, 1997Neuhauser et al, , 1999Ng et al, 1992;Nunez et al, 2000;Ottesen et al, 1989;Radziemski et al, 1983;Singh et al, 1997;Yalcin et al, 1996;Zhang et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

IN SITUANALYSIS OF THE INTERACTION OF MANGANESE VAPOR AND SILICA MICROSPHERES IN A LABORATORY-SCALE COMBUSTOR

Iida

Hahn

2004

Combustion Science and Technology

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To simulate and better understand toxic metal-sorbent particle interactions, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was implemented to quantify trace amounts of manganese enriched on the surface of concomitant silica microsphere particles in an optical access laboratory-scale combustion system. Flame atomic absorption measurements verified that introduced manganese nanoparticles were extensively dissociated within the high-temperature region of the H 2 -O 2 -N 2 -air flame. LIBS-based conditional spectral analysis was performed using the Si (I) 288.1 nm atomic emission line with a spectral window containing both silicon and manganese atomic emission lines. The presence of silicon was found to have no effect on the emission intensity of the Mn triplet near 279 nm. The enrichment of manganese on the silica particles was observed in situ using the LIBS technique. The experimental trends agree very well with the theoretical trend predicted by modeling the aerosol system by accounting for nucleation, condensation, and coagulation processes.

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“…Local fuel-air ratio has been measured by Ferioli et al [20] in engine combustion chamber by using the ratio of the measured carbon and oxygen peaks in the LIBS data. As noted in the previous section, metal emission from incinerators and coal-burning power plants has also been measured using LIBS [6,7]; however, these are not direct, in-situ measurements inside the flame. Rather, they are measurements of the post-combustion emission products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In-situ diagnostics of chemically reacting flows using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

Lee

Hegde

2005

SPIE Proceedings

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A laser-based technique to continuously monitor metal aerosol emissions

Cited by 38 publications

References 3 publications

Subsurface heavy-metal detection with the use of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) penetrometer system

Subsurface heavy-metal detection with the use of a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) penetrometer system

IN SITUANALYSIS OF THE INTERACTION OF MANGANESE VAPOR AND SILICA MICROSPHERES IN A LABORATORY-SCALE COMBUSTOR

In-situ diagnostics of chemically reacting flows using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

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