A Latent Profile Analysis of Bisexual Identity: Evidence of Within-Group Diversity

Choi, Andrew Young; Nylund‐Gibson, Karen; Israel, Tania; Mendez, Stephanie E A

doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1325-1

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…In addition, consistent with Davila et al (2019), cisgender men were least likely to use any of the strategies, suggesting they may be least likely to want to be visible. This is consistent with research indicating that bi+ men are less likely to be out, that they fear and face greater stigmatization, and that bi+ identities are less acceptable for men (Balsam & Mohr, 2007; Choi et al, 2019; Dodge et al, 2016; Eliason, 1997; Schrimshaw et al, 2018; Yost & Thomas, 2012). Taken together, these findings suggest more work is necessary to reduce stigma and increase acceptance of male bisexuality.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Indeed, research indicates that bi+ cisgender men may be less likely to make bi+ visibility attempts compared with bi+ cisgender women and bi+ gender minorities (Davila et al, 2019). This is consistent with research suggesting that, compared to other bi+ individuals, bi+ cisgender men may be more likely to be concerned about negative reactions from others and to endorse more negative attitudes about bisexuality (Choi et al, 2019). Choi et al (2019) also found that people of color were overrepresented among bi+ individuals who endorsed negative attitudes about bisexuality, though Davila et al (2019) did not find racial/ethnic differences in bi+ visibility attempts.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…This is consistent with research suggesting that, compared to other bi+ individuals, bi+ cisgender men may be more likely to be concerned about negative reactions from others and to endorse more negative attitudes about bisexuality (Choi et al, 2019). Choi et al (2019) also found that people of color were overrepresented among bi+ individuals who endorsed negative attitudes about bisexuality, though Davila et al (2019) did not find racial/ethnic differences in bi+ visibility attempts. Given the limited theory and research to guide specific predictions, we considered these analyses exploratory.…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…It also is consistent with the DPM (Chaudoir & Fisher, 2010), which suggests that people who have approach motivations for disclosure (which are consistent with pride and activism) are more likely to disclose and to have positive outcomes. Prior theory and research has typically focused on reasons people do not disclose their identity, pointing to issues of fear/concern about stigma and negative evaluation (e.g., Choi et al, 2019; Mohr et al, 2017; Pachankis, 2007). Understanding positive reasons that people choose to make their bi+ identity visible is in line with an affirming, strength-based perspective on sexual identity (e.g., Riggle, Mohr, Rostosky, Fingerhut, & Balsam, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, research tends to emphasize the reasons people choose to conceal their identity rather than the reason they choose to make it visible. This research indicates that some biϩ individuals are concerned about stigma and may conceal their identity or present as a different orientation to avoid such stigma (e.g., Choi, Nylund-Gibson, Israel, & Mendez, 2019;Mohr et al, 2017). Qualitative research also points to concerns about stigma, fears of negative reactions, and discrimination (e.g., Schrimshaw, Downing, & Cohn, 2018), as well as a sense of not finding disclosure (at least in some situations) relevant to their lives (Maliepaard, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 90%

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How, when, and why do bisexual+ individuals attempt to make their identity visible?

Feinstein¹,

Dyar²,

Jabbour³

2021

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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There is ample evidence of and concern about the invisibility of bisexualϩ individuals, which results from the tendency to deny or ignore their identities. Recent research has begun to examine whether and how bisexualϩ individuals (an umbrella term that includes all individuals who are attracted to more than one gender, regardless of the specific identity label they use) attempt to make their identity visible to others. This study builds on prior research by exploring novel questions regarding how, when, and why bisexualϩ individuals attempt to make their identity visible, using data from an Internet survey of 715 individuals who reported attractions to more than one gender. Results indicated that participants were most likely to use biϩ visibility attempt strategies involving indirect forms of communication (e.g., sharing things related to their identity on social media) and direct forms of communication (e.g., telling others in person), though they perceived indirect communication as less successful at communicating their identity to others than direct communication. They were most likely to make biϩ visibility attempts in situations with other bisexualϩ individuals or in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender contexts, as well as with partners or when single, and they did so for reasons related to a sense of activism or pride. Future directions for research and barriers to biϩ visibility are discussed. Public Significance StatementThis study suggests that many bisexualϩ individuals want to be visible and are actively engaging in strategies to make their identity visible to others. However, they are doing so in relatively "safe" situations, suggesting that more work is needed to foster an environment in which it is safer for bisexualϩ individuals to be visible.

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